durst

Who acts: thou, Tsar, priest, everybody, woman, cow · What happens: have, do, read, say, write, reply · To what, where: courage, something, such passages, Tsar, passages, great fear · Speech: someone speaks here

«durst» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: durst in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

Had the courage to do something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 courage	det
3	courage	courage	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Had	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 do	mark
5	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 courage	acl
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 do	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past		the courage					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient
2	do	to-infinitive		something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

"How durst thou read such and such passages to me?" said the Tsar.--"They were written to be read," replied the priest.--"Written, indeed!

From Cossack Fairy Tales and Folk Tales.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 read	punct
2	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 durst	advmod
3	durst	durst	ADV	_	5 read	advmod
4	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	5 read	nsubj
5	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 said	advcl
6	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 passages	amod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 such	cc
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 such	conj
9	passages	passage	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 read	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 me	case
11	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 read	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 read	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 read	punct
14	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Tsar	det
16	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 said	nsubj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 said	punct
18	--	--	PUNCT	_	22 written	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 written	punct
20	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 written	nsubj:pass
21	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 written	aux:pass
22	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 said	ccomp
23	to	to	PART	_	25 read	mark
24	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 read	aux:pass
25	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 replied	advcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 read	punct
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 replied	punct
28	replied	reply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 written	parataxis
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 priest	det
30	priest	priest	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 replied	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	22 written	punct
32	--	--	PUNCT	_	34 Written	punct
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	34 Written	punct
34	Written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 said	conj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 indeed	punct
36	indeed	indeed	ADV	_	34 Written	advmod
37	!	!	PUNCT	_	14 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	read in a quote	past	thou	such passages	the Tsar = tsar	durst property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent passage=Topic to i=Recipient
2	say speech: ask	past	the Tsar				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	write in a quote	past · passive		passages = passage			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
4	read in a quote	to-infinitive · passive	the priest not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»
5	reply speech: assert	past	the priest				vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	write in a quote	participle	the Tsar not said here			indeed property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 2

Now everybody in the town and neighborhood was in great fear, and no one durst venture out after sunset near the Gate of Rashomon.

From Japanese Fairy Tales.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 everybody	advmod
2	everybody	everybody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	11 fear	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 town	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 town	det
5	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 everybody	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 neighborhood	cc
7	neighborhood	neighborhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 town	conj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 fear	cop
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 fear	case
10	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fear	amod
11	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 venture	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 venture	cc
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	17 venture	det
15	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 durst	compound
16	durst	durst	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 venture	compound
17	venture	venture	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fear	conj
18	out	out	ADV	_	17 venture	advmod
19	after	after	ADP	_	20 sunset	case
20	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 venture	nmod
21	near	near	ADP	_	23 Gate	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Gate	det
23	Gate	Gate	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 sunset	nmod
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 Rashomon	case
25	Rashomon	Rashomon	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 Gate	nmod
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 fear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	everybody			great fear and no durst venture after sunset near the Gate of Rashomon			tree rules

Example 3

And the woman was trying to get her cow to go up a ladder to the grass, and the poor thing durst not go.

From English Fairy Tales.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	5 trying	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 woman	det
3	woman	woman	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trying	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 trying	aux
5	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 get	mark
7	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 trying	xcomp
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 cow	nmod:poss
9	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 get	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 go	mark
11	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 get	xcomp
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 go	compound:prt
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 ladder	det
14	ladder	ladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 go	obl
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 grass	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 grass	det
17	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 go	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 go	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 go	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 thing	det
21	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 thing	amod
22	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 go	nsubj
23	durst	durst	ADV	_	25 go	advmod
24	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 go	advmod
25	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 trying	parataxis
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 trying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	try	past · progressive	the woman			vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	get not said to happen	to-infinitive	the woman not said here	woman's cow		tree rules
3	go up	to-infinitive	woman's cow not said here	a ladder	to the grass	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
4	not go	infinitive	the poor thing		durst property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/D/durst/