hail

Who acts: small balls, greeting, children, Hail, you, I · What happens: fall, mean, be, say, entreat, let · To what, where: storms, welcome, hunter, LORD, you · Speech: someone speaks here

«hail» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hail in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

small balls of ice that fall from storms; in the fairy tale, a greeting meaning welcome.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 balls	amod
2	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fall	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 ice	case
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fall	obl
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 fall	nsubj
6	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 storms	case
8	storms	storm	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fall	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 tale	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 tale	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 tale	det
12	fairy	fairy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 tale	amod
13	tale	tale	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fall	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 greeting	punct
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 greeting	det
16	greeting	greeting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 tale	appos
17	meaning	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 greeting	acl
18	welcome	welcome	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 meaning	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fall	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	small balls			storms		of ice; in the fairy tale	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of ice=Initial_Location from storm=Destination
2	mean	gerund	a greeting not said here	welcome					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent welcome=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.

From Torah EXO.9.26, JPS 1917.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 land	advmod
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 land	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 land	det
4	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Goshen	case
6	Goshen	Goshen	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 land	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 hail	punct
8	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 there	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 children	det
10	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 there	nsubj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Israel	case
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 children	nmod
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 there	cop
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 there	punct
15	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 there	cop
16	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 hail	advmod
17	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	18 hail	det
18	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 Goshen	appos
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 land	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the children of Israel					there property	tree rules

Example 2

"Hail, fair maiden!" says the hunter.

From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Hail	punct
2	Hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 maiden	punct
4	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 maiden	amod
5	maiden	maiden	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Hail	appos
6	!	!	PUNCT	_	5 maiden	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 maiden	punct
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hunter	det
10	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Hail	the hunter					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hunter=Topic

Example 3

Entreat the LORD, and let there be enough of these mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.'

From Torah EXO.9.28, JPS 1917.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Entreat	entreat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 LORD	det
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Entreat	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 let	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 let	cc
6	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Entreat	conj
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 enough	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 enough	cop
9	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 let	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 thunderings	case
11	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	13 thunderings	det
12	mighty	mighty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 thunderings	amod
13	thunderings	thundering	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 enough	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 hail	cc
15	hail	hail	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 thunderings	conj
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 let	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 let	cc
18	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 let	nsubj
19	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 let	aux
20	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Entreat	conj
21	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 let	obj
22	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 let	xcomp
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 stay	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 stay	cc
25	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	27 stay	nsubj
26	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 stay	aux
27	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 let	conj
28	no	no	ADV	_	29 longer	advmod
29	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	27 stay	advmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Entreat	punct
31	'	'	PUNCT	_	1 Entreat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	entreat	imperative	you not said here		the LORD			vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lord=Recipient
2	let	infinitive	you not said here					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
3	is	infinitive				there	of this mighty thunderings and hail; enough property	tree rules
4	let	future	I	you				tree rules
5	go	infinitive	you not said here					vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	stay	shall	ye				long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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