hitherto

Who acts: thou, LORD, people, I, Notes · What happens: say, have, send, let, go, serve · To what, where: me, wilderness, thou, Notes, it, difficult passages · Speech: someone speaks here

«hitherto» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hitherto in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

Up to this point in time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Up	up	ADV	_	4 point	advmod
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 point	case
3	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 point	det
4	point	point	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 time	case
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 point	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 point	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

And thou shalt say unto him: The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, hath sent me unto thee, saying: Let My people go, that they may serve Me in the wilderness; and, behold, hitherto thou hast not hearkened;

From Torah EXO.7.16, JPS 1917.

The tree, 38 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 say	cc
2	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 say	nsubj
3	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	unto	unto	ADP	_	6 him	case
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 say	obl
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 LORD	punct
8	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 LORD	det
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 sent	nsubj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 God	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 God	det
12	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 LORD	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 Hebrews	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Hebrews	det
15	Hebrews	Hebrew	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 God	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hath	punct
17	hath	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 LORD	parataxis
18	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 say	parataxis
19	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 sent	obj
20	unto	unto	ADP	_	21 thee	case
21	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	18 sent	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 saying	punct
23	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 say	conj
24	:	:	PUNCT	_	25 Let	punct
25	Let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 saying	ccomp
26	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 people	nmod:poss
27	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 go	nsubj
28	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 Let	ccomp
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 serve	punct
30	that	that	SCONJ	_	33 serve	mark
31	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 serve	nsubj
32	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 serve	aux
33	serve	serve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 Let	advcl
34	Me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 serve	obj
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 wilderness	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 wilderness	det
37	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 serve	obl
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	41 behold	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 behold	cc
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 and	punct
41	behold	behold	INTJ	_	4 say	discourse
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 hearkened	punct
43	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	_	47 hearkened	advmod
44	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	47 hearkened	nsubj:pass
45	hast	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 hearkened	aux
46	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	47 hearkened	advmod
47	hearkened	hearken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 say	advcl
48	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	shall	thou			unto him = he	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	have	present					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	send	past	the LORD	me		unto thee	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
4	say speech: assert	gerund	thou not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	let	infinitive					tree rules
6	go	present	My people				vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	serve	may	people	Me	the wilderness		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Value in wilderness=Location
8	not hearken	present · perfect · passive		thou		hitherto property	tree rules

Example 2

I have always progressed hitherto, as I know quite well."

From Fairy Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 progressed	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 progressed	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 progressed	advmod
4	progressed	progress	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	_	4 progressed	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 know	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 know	mark
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 know	nsubj
9	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 progressed	conj
10	quite	quite	ADV	_	11 well	advmod
11	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 know	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 progressed	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 progressed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	progress	present · perfect	I					always, hitherto property	vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	know	present	I					well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.

From Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Notes	det
2	Notes	note	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 extended	nsubj:pass
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 extended	aux
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 extended	aux:pass
5	extended	extend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 hoped	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 hoped	cc
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 hoped	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hoped	aux:pass
10	hoped	hope	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 extended	conj
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 explain	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 explain	nsubj
13	explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hoped	advcl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 illustrate	cc
15	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 explain	conj
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 passages	amod
17	passages	passage	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 illustrate	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 render	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 render	cc
20	render	render	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 extended	parataxis
21	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 treatise	det
22	abstruse	abstruse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 treatise	amod
23	treatise	treatise	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 render	obj
24	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 comprehensible	advmod
25	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 render	conj
26	than	than	SCONJ	_	31 found	mark
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 found	nsubj:pass
28	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 found	aux
29	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	31 found	aux:pass
30	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	_	31 found	advmod
31	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 comprehensible	advcl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 extended	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	extend	present · perfect · passive		the Notes		vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
2	hope	present · passive		it		tree rules
3	explain speech: assert	present	Notes = note			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	illustrate	present	Notes = note not said here	difficult passages		vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Destination
5	render	infinitive		this abstruse treatise		vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Theme
6	find	present · perfect · passive		treatise	hitherto property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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