knew

Who acts: Joseph, they, one, I, Rabbi · What happens: be, recognise, choose, love, bear, know · To what, where: them, third sentence, someone, they, brethren, Joseph · Speech: someone speaks here

«knew» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: knew in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

To be aware of someone or to recognise them; in the third sentence, to have chosen or loved someone before they were born.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	3 aware	mark
2	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	3 aware	cop
3	aware	aware	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 recognise	advcl
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 someone	case
5	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 aware	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 recognise	cc
7	to	to	PART	_	8 recognise	mark
8	recognise	recognise	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 recognise	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 sentence	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 sentence	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 sentence	det
13	third	third	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	14 sentence	amod
14	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 recognise	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 chosen	punct
16	to	to	PART	_	18 chosen	mark
17	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 chosen	aux
18	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 recognise	parataxis
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 loved	cc
20	loved	love	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 chosen	conj
21	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	20 loved	obj
22	before	before	SCONJ	_	25 born	mark
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 born	nsubj:pass
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 born	aux:pass
25	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 loved	advcl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 recognise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	to-infinitive			of someone; aware property	tree rules
2	recognise	to-infinitive	them = they	the third sentence		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus
3	choose	to-infinitive · perfect				vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	love	participle	someone			vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus
5	bear	past · passive	they			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew him not.

From Torah GEN.42.8, JPS 1917.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 knew	cc
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 knew	nsubj
3	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 brethren	nmod:poss
5	brethren	brethren	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knew	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 knew	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 knew	cc
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 knew	nsubj
9	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 knew	parataxis
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 knew	obj
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 knew	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 knew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	past	Joseph	Joseph's brethren					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer brethren=Stimulus
2	not know	past	they	Joseph					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus

Example 2

No one knew what to do.

From Fifty Famous Stories Retold.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knew	nsubj
3	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 do	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 do	mark
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 knew	ccomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 knew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	past	no one						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	do	to-infinitive							vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

Example 3

Before I formed thee in the belly, I knew thee." Rabbi Luria, gives the Hebrew version which I have translated.

From Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893.

Sentence 1: Before I formed thee in the belly, I knew thee."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Before	before	SCONJ	_	3 formed	mark
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 formed	nsubj
3	formed	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 knew	advcl
4	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 formed	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 belly	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 belly	det
7	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 formed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 formed	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 knew	nsubj
10	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	thee	thou	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	10 knew	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 knew	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 knew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	past	I	thee		the belly			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thou=Theme
2	know	past	I	thee					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus

Sentence 2: Rabbi Luria, gives the Hebrew version which I have translated.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 gives	nsubj
2	Luria	Luria	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Rabbi	flat
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Rabbi	punct
4	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 version	det
6	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 version	compound
7	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gives	obj
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 translated	nsubj:pass
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 translated	nsubj
10	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 translated	aux
11	translated	translate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 version	acl:relcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 gives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	Rabbi	the Hebrew version					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent version=Theme
2	translate	present · perfect · passive		the Hebrew version					vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/emode/K/knew/