suffer

Who acts: something, Thou, They · What happens: let, happen, permit, not suffer, live, complain · To what, where: something, it, sorceress, me, sons, thou · Speech: someone speaks here

«suffer» in the Early Modern English dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: suffer in the Early Modern English dictionary.

Meaning 1

To let something happen or to permit it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 let	mark
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 let	obj
4	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	xcomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 permit	cc
6	to	to	PART	_	7 permit	mark
7	permit	permit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 happen	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 permit	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	let	to-infinitive		something	tree rules
2	happen	infinitive	something not said here		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	permit	to-infinitive	something not said here	it	vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Thou shalt not suffer a sorceress to live.

From Torah EXO.22.18, JPS 1917.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	4 suffer	nsubj
2	shalt	shall	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	4 suffer	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 suffer	advmod
4	suffer	suffer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sorceress	det
6	sorceress	sorceress	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 suffer	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 live	mark
8	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 sorceress	acl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 suffer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not suffer	shall	Thou	a sorceress					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sorceress=Stimulus
2	live	to-infinitive	Thou not said here	a sorceress not said here					vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

They complain most who suffer least.

From Aesop's Fables; a new translation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 complain	nsubj
2	complain	complain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 suffer	advmod
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 suffer	nsubj
5	suffer	suffer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 complain	ccomp
6	least	least	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 suffer	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 complain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	complain speech: other	present	They						vn complain-37.8 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	suffer	present						least property	vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Example 3

and didst not suffer me to kiss my sons and my daughters? now hast thou done foolishly.

From Torah GEN.31.28, JPS 1917.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 suffer	cc
2	didst	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 suffer	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 suffer	advmod
4	suffer	suffer	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 suffer	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 kiss	mark
7	kiss	kiss	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 suffer	advcl
8	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 sons	nmod:poss
9	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kiss	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 daughters	cc
11	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 daughters	nmod:poss
12	daughters	daughter	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 sons	conj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	15 hast	punct
14	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 hast	advmod
15	hast	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 suffer	parataxis
16	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	15 hast	obj
17	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 hast	advcl
18	foolishly	foolishly	ADV	_	17 done	advmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 suffer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	not suffer	past · do-support	me			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus
2	kiss	to-infinitive	my sons and my daughters			vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Co-Agent
3	have	present	thou	now		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient
4	do	participle			foolishly property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the Early Modern English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova; its examples quote public-domain texts. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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