arabic

Who acts: Arabic, Arabic numerals, friend, We, Arabic alphabet, mosque · What happens: be, speak, describe, connect, write, leave · To what, where: language, things, usual number signs, Arabic, right, Arabic numerals · Speech: someone speaks here

«arabic» in the English dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: arabic in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

Arabic is the language spoken by many millions of people in the Middle East and North Africa.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 language	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 language	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 language	det
4	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 language	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 millions	case
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 millions	amod
8	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spoken	obl:agent
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 people	case
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 millions	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 East	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 East	det
13	Middle	Middle	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 East	compound
14	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 people	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Africa	cc
16	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 Africa	compound
17	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 East	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 language	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Arabic	the language					tree rules
2	speak speech: other	participle		the language not said here				many millions of people in the Middle East and North Africa obl:agent	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

Arabic describes things connected with the Arabic language, Arabs and their culture, like Arabic writing or Arabic food.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 describes	nsubj
2	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 describes	obj
4	connected	connect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 things	acl
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 language	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 language	det
7	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 language	compound
8	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 connected	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Arabs	punct
10	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 language	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 culture	cc
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 culture	nmod:poss
13	culture	culture	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 Arabs	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 writing	punct
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 writing	case
16	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 writing	compound
17	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 things	nmod
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 food	cc
19	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 food	compound
20	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 writing	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	present	Arabic	things				like Arabic writing or Arabic food	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
2	connect	participle		things not said here				with the Arabic language Arabs and Arabs's culture	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with language=Co-Patient

Everyday, meaning 3

Arabic numerals are the usual number signs 0 to 9.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arabic	arabic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 numerals	amod
2	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 signs	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 signs	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 signs	det
5	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 signs	amod
6	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 signs	compound
7	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	0	0	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 signs	flat
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 9	case
10	9	9	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 0	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 signs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Arabic numerals	the usual number signs					tree rules

Example 1

Arabic is written from right to left.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 written	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 written	aux:pass
3	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 right	case
5	right	right	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 written	obl
6	to	to	SCONJ	_	7 left	mark
7	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 right	acl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 written	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present · passive		Arabic		right			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from right=Material
2	leave	participle							vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

My friend Layla speaks Arabic and English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	nsubj
3	Layla	Layla	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 friend	appos
4	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 speaks	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 English	cc
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Arabic	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speaks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	My friend	Arabic and English					tree rules

Example 3

We use Arabic numerals like 7 and 9, not Roman ones like VII.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 numerals	compound
4	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	6 7	case
6	7	7	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 numerals	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 9	cc
8	9	9	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 7	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ones	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 ones	advmod
11	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numerals	conj
13	like	like	ADP	_	14 VII	case
14	VII	VII	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 ones	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	We	Arabic numerals and Roman ones like VII				like 7	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent numeral=Patient

Example 4

The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 alphabet	det
2	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 alphabet	compound
3	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	28	28	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 letters	nummod
6	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the Arabic alphabet	28 letters					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient

Example 5

Arabic is spoken in Egypt, Morocco and many other countries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 spoken	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 spoken	aux:pass
3	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Egypt	case
5	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 spoken	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 Morocco	punct
7	Morocco	Morocco	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Egypt	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 countries	cc
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 countries	amod
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 countries	amod
11	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Egypt	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 spoken	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present · passive		Arabic		Egypt and Morocco and many other countries			tree rules

Example 6

The mosque has beautiful Arabic writing on the wall.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mosque	det
2	mosque	mosque	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 writing	amod
5	Arabic	arabic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 writing	amod
6	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wall	det
9	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 writing	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the mosque	beautiful Arabic writing		the wall			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Patient

Example 7

Reassured by the nature of their occupation, I advanced towards them and they greeted me in Arabic, asking who I was and whence I came.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reassured	reassure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 advanced	advcl
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 nature	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 nature	det
4	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Reassured	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 occupation	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 occupation	nmod:poss
7	occupation	occupation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nature	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Reassured	punct
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 advanced	nsubj
10	advanced	advance	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	towards	towards	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 advanced	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 greeted	cc
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 greeted	nsubj
15	greeted	greet	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 advanced	conj
16	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 greeted	obj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 Arabic	case
18	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 greeted	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 asking	punct
20	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 greeted	advcl
21	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 asking	obj
22	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 who	nsubj
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 who	cop
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 came	cc
25	whence	whence	ADV	PronType=Int	27 came	advmod
26	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 came	nsubj
27	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 who	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 advanced	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	reassure	participle	I not said here			by the nature of their occupation	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	advance	past	I			towards them = they	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards they=Initial_Location
3	greet speech: greet	past	they	me	Arabic		vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
4	ask speech: ask	gerund	they not said here				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is a	past	I				tree rules
6	come	past	I			whence property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	occupy		their = they				nom occupation «act transitive»: poss=agent

Example 8

Tiie so-called Arabic alphabet consisted originally of only seventen letters. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Tiie so-called Arabic alphabet consisted originally of only seventen letters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tiie	Tiie	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 called	nsubj:pass
2	so	so	ADV	_	4 called	advmod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 so	punct
4	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 alphabet	compound
6	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 consisted	nsubj
7	consisted	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 called	ccomp
8	originally	originally	ADV	_	7 consisted	advmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 letters	case
10	only	only	ADV	_	12 letters	advmod
11	seventen	seventen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 letters	amod
12	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 originally	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	participle · passive		Tiie					tree rules
2	consist	past	Arabic alphabet					originally property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 9

The Arabic alphabet consisted originally of the following seventeen letters:") (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 alphabet	det
2	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 alphabet	compound
3	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consisted	nsubj
4	consisted	consist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	originally	originally	ADV	_	4 consisted	advmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 letters	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 letters	det
8	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 letters	case
9	seventeen	seventeen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 letters	nummod
10	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consisted	obl
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	12 "	punct
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
15	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 consisted	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Origin	punct
17	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Origin	det
18	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Mordell	appos
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Letters	case
20	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Origin	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Numerals	cc
22	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Letters	conj
23	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 Sefer	case
24	to	to	ADP	_	23 according	fixed
25	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Letters	nmod
26	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Sefer	flat
27	(	(	PUNCT	_	28 1914	punct
28	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Mordell	list
29	))	))	PUNCT	_	28 1914	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	consist	past	the Arabic alphabet	of the seventeen letters; Mordell parataxis; originally property	tree rules
2	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	accord in a quote	gerund			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 10

As the Arabic numeral system of notation, the vowels, and the (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	5 system	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 system	det
3	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 system	compound
4	numeral	numeral	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 system	compound
5	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 notation	case
7	notation	notation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 system	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 vowels	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 vowels	det
10	vowels	vowel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 system	list
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Mordell	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Mordell	det
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct
15	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 system	appos
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 Origin	punct
17	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Origin	det
18	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Mordell	appos
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Letters	case
20	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Origin	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Numerals	cc
22	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Letters	conj
23	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 Sefer	case
24	to	to	ADP	_	23 according	fixed
25	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Letters	nmod
26	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Sefer	flat
27	(	(	PUNCT	_	28 1914	punct
28	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 Mordell	list
29	))	))	PUNCT	_	15 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/A/arabic/

📖 arabic

Everyday, meaning 1

Everyday, meaning 2

Everyday, meaning 3

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

Example 9

Example 10

arabic