📖 C — The English dictionary · page 32

cigar — Everyday, meaning 1: A thick roll of dried tobacco leaves that people light and smoke.↗ Example: The man in the film smoked a fat cigar.↗ · Cigar smoke smells strong and is bad for your lungs.↗ · Smoking cigars can cause mouth cancer.↗ · Close, but no cigar: the answer is 48, not 46.↗ · Winston Churchill was famous for his cigars.↗ · He has not even taken the cigars from his mouth.↗

cigarette — Everyday, meaning 1: A cigarette is a thin paper tube filled with dried tobacco that people light and smoke.↗ Example: Cigarettes are very bad for your health.↗ · Smoking cigarettes damages your lungs.↗ · It is against the law to sell cigarettes to children.↗ · Cigarette smoke made her cough.↗ · Grandad gave up cigarettes years ago.↗ · A cigarette end was left on the beach.↗ · Cigarettes can cause fires.↗

cinchona — Everyday, meaning 1: A cinchona is a tree or shrub from the Andes mountains of South America whose bark contains quinine.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Cinchona bark is the dried bark of this tree, used for centuries to treat malaria.↗ Example: Quinine, a medicine for malaria, comes from cinchona bark.↗ · The cinchona tree grows in the Andes mountains.↗ · People in Peru used cinchona bark long before Europeans arrived.↗ · Tonic water tastes bitter because of quinine from cinchona.↗ · The cinchona tree is shown on Peru's coat of arms.↗ · Explorers smuggled cinchona seeds to grow the tree in Asia.↗ · Cinchona bark helped save many lives from malaria.↗

cinder — Everyday, meaning 1: A small piece of burnt coal or wood that is left after a fire has gone out; grey ash.↗ Example: The toast was burnt to a cinder.↗ · By morning the house had burnt to cinders.↗ · The cat slept on the warm cinders by the fire.↗

cinderella — Everyday, meaning 1: Cinderella is the girl in a famous fairy tale who is treated badly by her stepmother and stepsisters, goes to the prince's ball with help from her fairy godmother, loses a glass slipper and marries the prince.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (figurative) A Cinderella is a person or thing that is ignored or treated as less important but deserves more attention.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (sport) A Cinderella story is when a small, unexpected team or person does very well.↗ Example: Cinderella's fairy godmother turned a pumpkin into a coach.↗ · At midnight Cinderella ran away and lost her glass slipper.↗ · We saw Cinderella as a pantomime at Christmas.↗ · The little village team had a Cinderella run to the final.↗ · Music is often the Cinderella subject at some schools.↗ · «Be home by midnight, Cinderella!» joked Dad.↗ · There are hundreds of versions of the Cinderella story around the world.↗ · “Y--es,” cried Cinderella, with a great sigh.↗

cinema — Everyday, meaning 1: A cinema is a building where people watch films on a big screen.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: «The cinema» or «the movies» can mean going to see a film.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Cinema is also the art of making films.↗ Example: The cinema has 15 rows of 20 seats.↗ · A ticket costs 7 dollars.↗ · The film starts at 4 pm and lasts 2 hours.↗ · How many tickets were sold?↗ · We went to the cinema for my birthday.↗ · Please turn off your phone in the cinema.↗ · In the USA a cinema is called a movie theater.↗ · The cinema was full for the new film.↗

cinematic — Everyday, meaning 1: To do with films and the cinema.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Looking or feeling like a film, exciting and grand, with big scenes and music.↗ Example: The game has cinematic cut scenes.↗ · The sunset over the sea looked cinematic.↗ · The book has cinematic action scenes.↗ · We learned about cinematic camera angles.↗ · Watching on a big screen is a real cinematic experience.↗

cinnamon — Everyday, meaning 1: Cinnamon is a sweet, warm-tasting brown spice made from the dried bark of a tree, used in cakes, buns and drinks.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Cinnamon is a light reddish-brown colour.↗ Example: Sprinkle some cinnamon on your porridge.↗ · Grandma's apple pie smells of cinnamon.↗ · We bought cinnamon buns at the bakery.↗ · Cinnamon comes from the bark of a tree.↗ · Stir your drink with a cinnamon stick.↗ · The puppy had a soft cinnamon coat.↗ · I took them gratefully, and as we went from one island to another I laid in stores of cloves, cinnamon, and other spices.↗ · 'Take thou also unto thee the chief spices, of flowing myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty, (Torah EXO.30.23, JPS 1917)↗ · I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.↗ (Writings PRO.7.17, JPS 1917)↗ · Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.↗ (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)↗

cipher — Everyday, meaning 1: A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A message written in such a code.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A person who has no power or importance and just does what others say: «The king was a mere cipher».↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (old or formal) The figure zero, 0; in old books also any number digit.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: (verb, old) To do sums or to write in code.↗ Example: We wrote secret notes to each other in a Caesar cipher.↗ · With a shift of three, the word CAT becomes FDW in the cipher.↗ · The spies sent the plans in cipher.↗ · It took the code-breakers months to crack the cipher.↗ · Without the key the cipher looked like nonsense.↗ · In the story, the map was covered in a strange cipher.↗ · The new prime minister was just a cipher for the party bosses.↗ · Our maths teacher turned the times tables into a cipher puzzle.↗ · But as for me, I had gone quite beyond all lapse of time, and had become a cipher and a nothing.↗ · A cipher for the matter: twenty-two (numbers) [objects] in one body.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · This is a cipher: observing, transforming, making all matter and all words one name.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · The angel which the cipher n symbolizes, is apparently Satan ]r:z', who appears before God to prosecute all mortal beings as he prosecuted (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

circadian — Everyday, meaning 1: To do with the body's natural daily clock, a cycle of about 24 hours that controls when we sleep, wake and feel hungry.↗ Example: Your circadian rhythm tells you when to sleep.↗ · Jet lag happens when your circadian clock is out of step with local time.↗ · Bright screens at night can confuse your circadian rhythm.↗ · Flowers that open in the morning follow a circadian rhythm.↗ · Teenagers' circadian rhythms make them sleepy later at night.↗

circle — Everyday, meaning 1: A circle is a round flat shape.↗ Every point on its edge is the same distance from the middle (the centre).↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A circle of people or things is a group arranged in a ring.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To circle something is to draw a ring around it: «circle the answer».↗ Everyday, meaning 4: To circle is to move round and round something: «the plane circled the airport».↗ Everyday, meaning 5: A circle of friends is a group of friends.↗ Everyday, meaning 6: A circle can also be one full round of time that ends where it began, such as a day or a year.↗ Example: 6 children stand in a circle.↗ · Trees are planted around a circle.↗ · Circle the right answer.↗ · Draw a circle with radius 3 cm.↗ · The diameter of a circle is twice the radius.↗ · We sat in a circle for circle time.↗ · Eagles circled high above the hill.↗ · A circle has no corners and no straight sides.↗ · In a few moments the day had completed its circle.↗ · Drawing the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet around the edge of a circle, it takes 231 lines, here called שְׁעָרִים sheʽarim ‘gates’, to connect every possible combination of 2 letters.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · circle Q or Q is each a letter.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · elementary cliaracters, or letters, derive tlieir forms from the line and the circle.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · When He established the heavens, I was there; when He set a circle upon the face of the deep, (Writings PRO.8.27, JPS 1917)↗ · It is He that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in; (Prophets ISA.40.22, JPS 1917)↗

circlet — Everyday, meaning 1: A thin ring or band, often of gold, worn on the head like a small crown.↗ Example: The golden circlet gleamed on his brow.↗ · She lost her circlet at the castle.↗ · The queen wore a silver circlet in her hair.↗ · Thy cheeks are comely with circlets, thy neck with beads.↗ (Writings SNG.1.10, JPS 1917)↗ · We will make thee circlets of gold with studs of silver.↗ (Writings SNG.1.11, JPS 1917)↗

circuit — Everyday, meaning 1: An electrical circuit is a complete loop of wires and parts that electricity flows round, from the power source and back again.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A circuit is a route or track that goes round in a loop, like a racing circuit.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A circuit is one trip round such a loop.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Circuit training is exercise where you go round a set of different activities.↗ Example: The bulb lights up only when the circuit is complete.↗ · Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, a switch and a bulb.↗ · If you open the switch, the circuit is broken.↗ · We ran three circuits of the field.↗ · The racing cars sped round the circuit.↗ · In PE we did circuit training.↗ · A short circuit can start a fire.↗ · Never make circuits with mains electricity; only use batteries.↗ · Thick clouds are a covering to Him, that He seeth not; and He walketh in the circuit of heaven.'↗ (Writings JOB.22.14, JPS 1917)↗ · And he went from year to year in circuit to Beth-el, and Gilgal, and Mizpah; and he judged Israel in all those places.↗ (Prophets 1SA.7.16, JPS 1917)↗ · And when David inquired of the LORD, He said: 'Thou shalt not go up; make a circuit behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry-trees.↗ (Prophets 2SA.5.23, JPS 1917)↗

circular — Everyday, meaning 1: Circular means shaped like a circle, round.↗ e.g. "a circular table".↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A circular route or walk goes round and ends where it started.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A circular argument goes round in a loop: it uses what it is trying to prove as its reason.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (noun) A circular is a letter or advert sent to many people at once.↗ Example: We sat at a circular table.↗ · A coin is circular.↗ · The circular track is 400 metres round, so 3 laps are 1,200 metres.↗ · We went on a circular walk around the lake.↗ · A cylinder has two circular faces.↗ · The school sent a circular to all parents.↗ · Saying "it's true because it's true" is a circular argument.↗ · “Ho! who is there?” called out a curious old duck, still bobbing up and down in the circular dance.↗

circulate — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) To move round and round inside something and come back, like blood around the body.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To pass from person to person or place to place, like news, money or a letter.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To move around a party and talk to many people.↗ Example: The heart pumps blood to circulate around the body.↗ · A letter was circulated to all parents.↗ · Open the window to let the air circulate.↗ · Rumours circulated about a new teacher.↗ · Old coins still circulate in some countries.↗ · At the party Mum circulated and talked to everyone.↗ · Water circulates through the pipes to the radiators.↗ · The books were circulated throughout the world, and some of them reached the Emperor.↗

circulation — Everyday, meaning 1: Circulation is the movement of blood around your body, pumped by the heart.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Circulation is movement of air or water around a place: «good air circulation».↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Circulation is the passing of something from person to person: «coins in circulation».↗ Everyday, meaning 4: The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is how many copies are sold.↗ Example: Exercise is good for your circulation.↗ · The heart pumps blood for circulation around the body.↗ · Open the window for better air circulation.↗ · These old coins are no longer in circulation.↗ · The newspaper has a circulation of fifty thousand.↗ · My toes went numb because of poor circulation.↗ · Nevertheless, it is told upon the plantations with great gusto, and there are several versions in circulation.↗

circulatory — Everyday, meaning 1: (science) To do with circulation, especially the movement of blood around the body by the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To do with things moving in a circle or loop, like air or water moving round a system.↗ Example: The heart is the main organ of the circulatory system.↗ · Our circulatory system carries oxygen to every part of the body.↗ · We drew the circulatory system with red and blue arrows.↗ · Exercise is good for your circulatory health.↗ · Grandpa has circulatory problems, so his feet feel cold.↗ · Arteries, veins and capillaries are all part of the circulatory system.↗