📖 G — The English dictionary · page 21

gradient — Everyday, meaning 1: How steep a slope, hill or road is.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (maths) A number that shows how steep a line is on a graph.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (art) A smooth change from one colour or shade to another.↗ Example: The road has a steep gradient.↗ · A sign warns of a 1 in 10 gradient.↗ · Work out the gradient of the line.↗ · The cyclist struggled up the gradient.↗ · The picture has a blue to white gradient.↗ · A gentle gradient is easier to walk up.↗

gradual — Everyday, meaning 1: Happening slowly and little by little over time, not suddenly.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Of a slope: rising or falling gently, not steeply.↗ Example: There was a gradual change in the colour of the leaves.↗ · The path has a gradual slope, so it is easy to walk up.↗ · Her reading showed gradual improvement over the term.↗ · The river caused gradual erosion of the bank.↗ · The gradual rise in temperature melted the snow.↗ · Learning to swim is a gradual process.↗ · Our author endeavors to show the gradual emanation of all things from God, which were completely finished in ten spheres.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗

gradually — Everyday, meaning 1: Gradually means slowly, a little at a time, over a period, not all at once or suddenly.↗ Example: The ice cube gradually melted in the sun.↗ · My reading gradually got better with practice.↗ · The sky gradually turned from orange to dark blue.↗ · Add the flour gradually and keep stirring.↗ · The temperature gradually dropped during the night.↗ · The path rose gradually up the hill.↗ · Gradually, the new boy made friends in the class.↗ · It wound itself round the stem and gradually got higher and higher.↗ · Our author is therefore endeavoring to show that the whole universe emanated gradually from the spirit of the one living God.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗ · It teaches that a first cause, eternal, all-wise, almighty and holy, is the origin and the centre of the whole universe, from whom gradually all beings emanated.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)↗

graduate — Everyday, meaning 1: (verb) To finish a course at university, college or (US) school and get a degree or diploma.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (noun) A person who has finished university.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (verb) To move up to something harder or bigger: «graduate to a big bike».↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (adjective, graduated) Marked with lines for measuring: «a graduated cylinder».↗ Example: My sister will graduate from university this summer.↗ · He is a science graduate.↗ · In America, students graduate from high school.↗ · I've graduated from stabilisers to a two-wheeler.↗ · Read the scale on the graduated cylinder.↗ · Graduates wear caps and gowns.↗

graffiti — Everyday, meaning 1: Words or pictures painted, sprayed or scratched on walls, trains or other public places, usually without permission.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Street art: large, colourful paintings on walls, sometimes made with permission.↗ Example: The bus shelter was covered in graffiti.↗ · The council cleaned the graffiti off the school wall.↗ · A graffiti artist painted a beautiful mural with permission.↗ · Writing graffiti on someone's wall is against the law.↗ · There was graffiti on the old train carriage.↗ · Our class designed a graffiti-style poster for art.↗

graft — Everyday, meaning 1: A graft is a piece of skin, bone or other body tissue moved by a surgeon to repair another part of the body.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A graft is also a cut piece of a plant joined onto another plant so they grow together.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (UK, Australia, informal) Graft is hard work.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (US) Graft is dishonest use of power to get money, like a bribe.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: As a verb, to graft means to join a plant or tissue onto another, or (UK informal) to work hard.↗ Example: The surgeon used a skin graft to cover the burn.↗ · Grandad grafted a pear branch onto the old tree.↗ · Most apple trees are grown by grafting.↗ · (UK) It took a lot of hard graft to build the shed.↗ · (UK) He's a real grafter; he never stops working.↗ · (US) The mayor went to prison for graft.↗ · (Australia) Winning the cup took years of graft.↗ · The bone graft helped her broken leg heal.↗

grafting — Everyday, meaning 1: Grafting is joining a piece cut from one plant onto another plant so that they grow together, as gardeners do with apple trees.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (medicine) Grafting is moving healthy skin or other tissue from one part of the body to another to repair it, for example after a bad burn.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (UK, informal) Grafting means working very hard, especially at tiring work: «He's been grafting all day».↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (US) Graft is also using power dishonestly to get money, a kind of corruption.↗ Example: The gardener is grafting a branch onto the apple tree.↗ · Grafting lets one tree grow two kinds of apples.↗ · After the fire she needed skin grafting on her arm.↗ · (UK) Dad's been grafting on the building site all week.↗ · (UK) Our team won because everyone was grafting.↗ · (UK) Learning to play the piano takes hard graft.↗ · (US) The mayor was accused of graft.↗ · We tried grafting cactus plants in science club.↗

graham — Everyday, meaning 1: Graham is a boy's or man's first name and a family name.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (US) A graham cracker is a sweet, flat wholemeal biscuit; graham flour is wholemeal wheat flour.↗ Example: My uncle's name is Graham.↗ · We made s'mores with graham crackers and marshmallows.↗ · Graham scored the winning goal.↗ · The pie has a graham cracker crust.↗ · Mr Graham is our new teacher.↗ · Graham flour makes the bread brown.↗

grail — Everyday, meaning 1: a cup or dish that knights in old legends search for, said to be holy.↗ Example: The knights set out to find the Grail.↗ · The Grail was said to be a holy cup.↗ · In the legend the fairy apple of gold is a precious prize.↗

grain — Everyday, meaning 1: Grain is the seeds of plants like wheat, rice, oats, barley and corn, used for food.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A grain is one tiny hard piece of something, like a grain of sand, salt or sugar.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: The grain of wood is the pattern of lines in it.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: A grain of something can mean a very small amount, like a grain of truth.↗ Example: The farmer stores 500 kilograms of grain.↗ · Each bag holds 25 kilograms of grain.↗ · A hen eats 100 grams of grain a day.↗ · The truck carries 3 tons of grain.↗ · There were grains of sand in my shoes.↗ · Wholegrain bread has more fibre.↗ · The little red hen planted grains of wheat.↗ · Sand the wood along the grain.↗ · He wanted to save at least some of his grain.↗ · The grains shrivel under their hoes; the garners are laid desolate, the barns are broken down; for the corn is withered.↗ (Prophets JOL.1.17, JPS 1917)↗ · Thy seed also would be as the sand, and the offspring of thy body like the grains thereof; his name would not be cut off nor destroyed from before Me.↗ (Prophets ISA.48.19, JPS 1917)↗ · For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all the nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth.↗ (Prophets AMO.9.9, JPS 1917)↗

grainy — Everyday, meaning 1: Grainy means having a rough texture with small bits or grains in it, like sand, or food that is not smooth.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A grainy photo or video is not clear and looks spotty, made of tiny dots.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Grainy bread or wood has a visible grain pattern.↗ Example: The old photo of Great-Grandma is grainy and faded.↗ · The custard went grainy because it got too hot.↗ · The video of the UFO was too grainy to prove anything.↗ · This bread has a nice grainy texture.↗ · The beach sand felt grainy between my toes.↗ · When you zoom right in, the picture becomes grainy.↗

gram — Everyday, meaning 1: A gram is a small unit for measuring how heavy something is (its mass).↗ A paper clip weighs about one gram.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A kilogram is 1000 grams.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In the UK the spelling gramme is sometimes seen.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: Gram is the name of a magic sword in old Norse stories, belonging to the hero Sigurd.↗ Example: An apple weighs 150 grams.↗ · A bag has 500 grams of flour.↗ · Each sweet is 5 grams.↗ · How many grams are in 2 kilograms?↗ · The recipe needs 200 g of butter.↗ · This cereal has 12 grams of sugar in a bowl.↗ · We weighed the leaf on the science scale: 3 grams.↗ · A coin weighs about 5 grams.↗ · But Sigurd waited till half of him had crawled over the pit, and then he thrust the sword Gram right into his very heart.↗

grammar — Everyday, meaning 1: The rules of a language about how words change and are put together into sentences.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Using those rules correctly in speech or writing.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A book about grammar.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (UK) Short for «grammar school», a school that picks pupils by a test.↗ Example: We have a grammar test on Friday.↗ · Check your grammar before you hand it in.↗ · Every language has its own grammar.↗ · She bought a French grammar.↗ · My cousin goes to the grammar school.↗ · Grammar helps us make our meaning clear.↗ · His spelling is good, but his grammar needs work.↗ · Readers, geographies, histories, grammars flew in all directions.↗ · Faulniann, Gesclndite 'kr Schnft, AVien 1880, p. 257, Bickell, Hebrew Grammar, Loipiig 1877.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · The author of the Sefer Yetzirah apparently cautioned against the very errors and mistakes into which all writers on Hebrew grammar have fallen.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · When the Honorable Mayer Sulzberger heard me expressing my views on Hebrew orthography, he advised me to make a study of the Sefer Yetzirah which in his opinion constitutes the earliest Hebrew grammar extant.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

grammarian — Everyday, meaning 1: A person who studies grammar, the rules of how words and sentences are built in a language, or who writes books about it.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (informal) Someone who cares a lot about correct grammar.↗ Example: Pāṇini was an ancient grammarian who described Sanskrit.↗ · A grammarian would say «fewer apples», not «less apples».↗ · The grammarian wrote a big book about English verbs.↗ · My aunt is a real grammarian and corrects every text.↗ · Grammarians study how languages change over time.↗ · Not every grammarian agrees about split infinitives.↗ · I replied that I had been educated as a grammarian and a poet, but that my great gift was writing.↗ · Some grammarians, though they do not con- sider the linals as separate letters, yet count the letters twenty- (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · As is well-known, some old grammarians, among whom was the author of the "Dikduke ha-Teamim"" counted the final letters as separate letters, thus making the total number oi the letters of the alphabet twenty-seven.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗ · The Hebrew grammarians under Arabic influence came to believe that tliose rules of ortho- graphy which the Arab grammarians invented for the language of the Koran hold good also for the language of the Old Testament.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

grammatical — Everyday, meaning 1: Correct according to the rules of grammar.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To do with grammar: «a grammatical mistake».↗ Example: This sentence is not grammatical.↗ · Correct the grammatical mistakes.↗ · "We was late" is not grammatical in standard English.↗ · Her writing is clear and grammatical.↗ · Grammatical rules can be tricky.↗ · Find the grammatical error in each line.↗ · I base it off an interpretation of the SY’s internal structure, the semantic properties of the root ספ״ר SPR, and the SY’s general grammatical inventiveness.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗ · In usual Hebrew grammatical terminology, the term ‘mothers’ is reserved for the אִמּוֹת קְרִיאָה immot qeriʼah, ‘mothers of reading’ (whence Latin matres lectionis), the letters אהו״י Alef-Heh-Waw-Yod which can serve to represent either consonants or vowels.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗

grammatically — Everyday, meaning 1: In a way that follows the rules of grammar, as in «grammatically correct».↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To do with grammar, as in «The two sentences are grammatically different».↗ Example: Make sure your sentence is grammatically correct.↗ · «We was» is not grammatically correct in Standard English.↗ · Her story was exciting and grammatically perfect.↗ · The sentence is grammatically fine but does not make sense.↗ · Grammatically, «I» is the subject of the sentence.↗ · Read your work aloud to check it sounds grammatically right.↗ · However, this is grammatically peculiar, as immot is usually only the construct plural of אֵם em 'mother', whose absolute plural is rather אִמָּהוֹת immahot.↗ (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)↗

gramophone — Everyday, meaning 1: An old machine for playing music from records, flat discs with grooves, often with a big horn to make the sound louder.↗ Example: Great-grandma danced to music on the gramophone.↗ · You had to wind up the gramophone by hand.↗ · The museum has a gramophone with a huge brass horn.↗ · Gramophone records were made of shellac and broke easily.↗ · In the film, an old gramophone played in the empty house.↗ · The gramophone came before the record player.↗

gramps — Everyday, meaning 1: (informal) Grandfather; a friendly name for your grandad.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (informal, sometimes cheeky) A way of talking to or about any old man.↗ Example: Gramps took me fishing at the lake.↗ · «Hi, Gramps!» shouted Lily as she ran to hug him.↗ · My gramps tells the funniest stories.↗ · We baked a cake for Gramps's birthday.↗ · Gramps fell asleep in his armchair after lunch.↗ · Calling a stranger «gramps» is cheeky.↗

gran — Everyday, meaning 1: Gran is a friendly, informal word for grandmother.↗ Example: We are going to Gran's house for the weekend.↗ · My gran makes the best scones.↗ · Gran, can you read me a story?↗ · My gran is my mum's mum.↗ · Gran and Grandad live by the sea.↗ · I phoned Gran on her birthday.↗