kindling

Who acts: action, fire, you, We, They · What happens: kindle, be, use, start, set, gather · To what, where: small dry sticks, fire, action, ing form, dry kindling, kindling

«kindling» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kindling in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

Kindling is small dry sticks and wood used to start a fire.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindling	kindle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 small	cop
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sticks	amod
4	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sticks	amod
5	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Kindling	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 wood	cc
7	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sticks	conj
8	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 sticks	acl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 start	mark
10	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 used	advcl
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 fire	det
12	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 start	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Kindling	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	kindle	gerund	small dry sticks and wood		vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition stick=Patient
2	is	present		small property	tree rules
3	use	participle	small dry sticks and wood not said here		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	start	to-infinitive	a fire		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

Kindling is the action of setting a fire alight; it is the -ing form of kindle.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindling	kindle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 action	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 action	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 action	det
4	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 setting	mark
6	setting	set	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 action	acl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fire	det
8	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 setting	obj
9	alight	alight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 setting	xcomp
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 form	punct
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 form	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 form	cop
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 form	det
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 the	punct
15	ing	ing	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 form	compound
16	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 action	appos
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 kindle	case
18	kindle	kindle	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 form	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 action	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	kindle	gerund				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	is a	present		the action		tree rules
3	set	gerund	the action not said here	a fire	alight property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient fire=Result
4	is a	present	fire	the ing form	of kindle	tree rules

Example 1

Gather some dry kindling for the fire.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gather	gather	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	4 kindling	det
3	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 kindling	amod
4	kindling	kindling	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gather	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 fire	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fire	det
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Gather	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Gather	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	gather	imperative	you not said here	some dry kindling				for the fire	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent kindling=Theme for fire=Beneficiary

Example 2

We lit the kindling with a match.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 lit	nsubj
2	lit	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 kindling	det
4	kindling	kindling	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lit	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 match	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 match	det
7	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lit	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lit	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light	past	We	the kindling				with a match	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kindling=Product with match=Material

Example 3

They spent the evening kindling a fire of driftwood.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 spent	nsubj
2	spent	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 evening	det
4	evening	evening	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spent	obj
5	kindling	kindle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 spent	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fire	det
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kindling	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 driftwood	case
9	driftwood	driftwood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fire	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	spend	past	They		evening	vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	kindle	gerund	They not said here	a fire of driftwood		vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient
3	fire			driftwood		nom fire «event transitive»: of=patient

Example 4

heaping on the wood, kindling the fire, that the flesh may be consumed; and preparing the mixture, that the bones also may be burned; (Prophets EZK.24.10, JPS 1917)

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	heaping	heap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 wood	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wood	det
4	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 heaping	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 kindling	punct
6	kindling	kindle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 heaping	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fire	det
8	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 kindling	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 consumed	punct
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	15 consumed	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 flesh	det
12	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 consumed	nsubj:pass
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 consumed	aux
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 consumed	aux:pass
15	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 kindling	advcl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 preparing	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 preparing	cc
18	preparing	prepare	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 heaping	conj
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 mixture	det
20	mixture	mixture	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 preparing	obj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 burned	punct
22	that	that	SCONJ	_	28 burned	mark
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 bones	det
24	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 burned	nsubj:pass
25	also	also	ADV	_	28 burned	advmod
26	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 burned	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 burned	aux:pass
28	burned	burn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 preparing	advcl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 EZK.24.10	punct
30	(	(	PUNCT	_	31 Prophets	punct
31	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 EZK.24.10	compound
32	EZK.24.10	EZK.24.10	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 heaping	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 JPS	punct
34	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 EZK.24.10	appos
35	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	34 JPS	flat
36	)	)	PUNCT	_	34 JPS	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	heap	gerund	Prophets EZK.24.10	the wood	vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ezk.24.10=Theme on wood=Destination
2	kindle	gerund	the fire		vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fire=Patient
3	consume	may · passive	the flesh		vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
4	prepare	gerund	the mixture		vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mixture=Patient
5	burn	may · passive	the bones		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/K/kindling/

📖 kindling

Everyday, meaning 1

Everyday, meaning 2

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

kindling