Who acts: Orthography, letters, English orthography, Spanish orthography, Noah Webster, Learning · What happens: be, write, stand, sound, have, use · To what, where: system, language, rules, correct spelling, many silent letters, Cyrillic alphabet · Speech: someone speaks here
«orthography» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: orthography in the English dictionary.
Everyday, meaning 1
Orthography is the system of spelling and writing a language: which letters stand for which sounds, and rules for capital letters, hyphens and punctuation.
The tree, 24 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Theme
3
stand
present
which letters
rules for capital letters and hyphens and punctuation
vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4
sound
present
which nsubj
vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent orthography=Recipient
Example 7
For the Hebrew orthography which has been and is still taught, is not Hebrew but Arabic. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: For the Hebrew orthography which has been and is still taught, is not Hebrew but Arabic.
The tree, 16 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: which=Recipient
2
notis
present
for the Hebrew orthography; Arabic conj; hebrew property
tree rules
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#
word
lemma
UPOS
features
head
relation
1
(
(
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
2
Mordell
Mordell
PROPN
Number=Sing
root
root
3
,
,
PUNCT
_
5 Origin
punct
4
The
the
DET
Definite=Def PronType=Art
5 Origin
det
5
Origin
Origin
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
appos
6
of
of
ADP
_
7 Letters
case
7
Letters
letter
NOUN
Number=Plur
5 Origin
nmod
8
and
and
CCONJ
_
9 Numerals
cc
9
Numerals
numeral
NOUN
Number=Plur
7 Letters
conj
10
according
accord
VERB
ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part
12 Sefer
case
11
to
to
ADP
_
10 according
fixed
12
Sefer
Sefer
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
nmod
13
Yetzirah
Yetzirah
PROPN
Number=Sing
12 Sefer
flat
14
(
(
PUNCT
_
15 1914
punct
15
1914
1914
NUM
NumForm=Digit NumType=Card
2 Mordell
list
16
))
))
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
#
verb
tense, mood
who
what, whom
to whom
where
when
other
roles by
1
accord
gerund
vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Example 8
Finding that my views on Hebrew orthography harmonized Avith those of the Sefer Yetzirah, I made an exhaustive study of it. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: Finding that my views on Hebrew orthography harmonized Avith those of the Sefer Yetzirah, I made an exhaustive study of it.
The tree, 21 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2
harmonize
participle
my views on Hebrew orthography
Avith
vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent avith=Patient
3
make
past
I
a exhaustive study of study
vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent study=Product
4
view
my
Hebrew orthography
nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent on=place
5
study
study
nom study «act transitive»: of=patient
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#
word
lemma
UPOS
features
head
relation
1
(
(
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
2
Mordell
Mordell
PROPN
Number=Sing
root
root
3
,
,
PUNCT
_
5 Origin
punct
4
The
the
DET
Definite=Def PronType=Art
5 Origin
det
5
Origin
Origin
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
appos
6
of
of
ADP
_
7 Letters
case
7
Letters
letter
NOUN
Number=Plur
5 Origin
nmod
8
and
and
CCONJ
_
9 Numerals
cc
9
Numerals
numeral
NOUN
Number=Plur
7 Letters
conj
10
according
accord
VERB
ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part
12 Sefer
case
11
to
to
ADP
_
10 according
fixed
12
Sefer
Sefer
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
nmod
13
Yetzirah
Yetzirah
PROPN
Number=Sing
12 Sefer
flat
14
(
(
PUNCT
_
15 1914
punct
15
1914
1914
NUM
NumForm=Digit NumType=Card
2 Mordell
list
16
))
))
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
#
verb
tense, mood
who
what, whom
to whom
where
when
other
roles by
1
accord
gerund
vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Example 9
The reason why they have remained so long an unsolved problem is partly due to a lack of knowledge of Hebrew orthography, on which the Sefer Yetzirah is based. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: The reason why they have remained so long an unsolved problem is partly due to a lack of knowledge of Hebrew orthography, on which the Sefer Yetzirah is based.
The tree, 29 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
due a lack; of knowledge of Hebrew orthography; partly property
tree rules
3
base
present · passive
the Sefer Yetzirah
a lack
vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on which=Source
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 wordsThe words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#
word
lemma
UPOS
features
head
relation
1
(
(
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
2
Mordell
Mordell
PROPN
Number=Sing
root
root
3
,
,
PUNCT
_
5 Origin
punct
4
The
the
DET
Definite=Def PronType=Art
5 Origin
det
5
Origin
Origin
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
appos
6
of
of
ADP
_
7 Letters
case
7
Letters
letter
NOUN
Number=Plur
5 Origin
nmod
8
and
and
CCONJ
_
9 Numerals
cc
9
Numerals
numeral
NOUN
Number=Plur
7 Letters
conj
10
according
accord
VERB
ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part
12 Sefer
case
11
to
to
ADP
_
10 according
fixed
12
Sefer
Sefer
PROPN
Number=Sing
2 Mordell
nmod
13
Yetzirah
Yetzirah
PROPN
Number=Sing
12 Sefer
flat
14
(
(
PUNCT
_
15 1914
punct
15
1914
1914
NUM
NumForm=Digit NumType=Card
2 Mordell
list
16
))
))
PUNCT
_
2 Mordell
punct
#
verb
tense, mood
who
what, whom
to whom
where
when
other
roles by
1
accord
gerund
vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.