studying

Who acts: time, He, I, my, sister, She · What happens: spend, learn, practise, go, look, understand · To what, where: lessons, it, map, medicine, university, way

«studying» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: studying in the English dictionary.

Everyday, meaning 1

Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spending	spend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Spending	obj
3	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 time	acl
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 subject	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 subject	det
6	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 learning	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 reading	case
8	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 learning	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 practising	punct
10	practising	practise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Spending	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 going	cc
12	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Spending	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 lessons	case
14	lessons	lesson	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 going	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Spending	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	gerund			time		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	learn	gerund	time not said here			about a subject; by reading	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about subject=Topic
3	practise	gerund					tree rules
4	go	gerund		lessons			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to lesson=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Everyday, meaning 2

Looking at something carefully to understand it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 something	case
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Looking	obl
4	carefully	carefully	ADV	_	1 Looking	advmod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 understand	mark
6	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Looking	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 understand	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Looking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	gerund						at something; carefully property	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at something=Theme
2	understand	to-infinitive		it					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"He was studying the map."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 studying	punct
2	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 studying	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 studying	aux
4	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 map	det
6	map	map	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 studying	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 studying	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study in a quote	past · progressive	He	the map					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic

Example 1

I am studying for my spelling test.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 studying	nsubj
2	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 studying	aux
3	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	7 test	case
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 test	nmod:poss
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 test	compound
7	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 studying	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present · progressive	I					for my spelling test	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute
2	test		my						nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Example 2

My sister is studying medicine at university.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 sister	nmod:poss
2	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 studying	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 studying	aux
4	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 studying	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 university	case
7	university	university	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 studying	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present · progressive	My sister	medicine		university			vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Topic

Example 3

She was studying the map to find the way.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 studying	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 studying	aux
3	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 map	det
5	map	map	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 studying	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 find	mark
7	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 map	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 way	det
9	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 find	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	past · progressive	She	the map					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic
2	find	to-infinitive	She not said here	the way					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic

Example 4

Scientists are studying how bees talk to each other.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 studying	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 studying	aux
3	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 talk	advmod
5	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 talk	nsubj
6	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 studying	advcl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 each	case
8	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	6 talk	obl
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 each	fixed
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present · progressive	Scientists						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	talk	present	bees					to each	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent

Example 5

Studying a little every day works better than all at once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Studying	study	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 works	csubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 little	det
3	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Studying	obj
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 day	det
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Studying	obl:unmarked
6	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 works	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 better	obl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 once	case
11	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 works	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 works	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	gerund		a little			day		vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Topic
2	work	present	Studying					well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at once=Theme

Example 6

We are studying the Vikings this term.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 studying	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 studying	aux
3	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Vikings	det
5	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 studying	obj
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 term	det
7	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Vikings	appos
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 studying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present · progressive	We	the Vikings					vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viking=Topic

Example 7

There was once a young man who was studying to be a poet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 was	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 man	det
5	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 man	amod
6	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 studying	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 studying	aux
9	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 man	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	13 poet	mark
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 poet	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 poet	det
13	poet	poet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 studying	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	past	a young man		there	once property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	study	past · progressive	a young man				vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	to-infinitive	a young man not said here	a poet			tree rules

Example 8

Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . . (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . .

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 sat	nsubj
2	Hanina	Hanina	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Rabbi	flat
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 Rabbi	cc
4	Rabbi	Rabbi	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Rabbi	conj
5	Oshaiah	Oshaiah	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Rabbi	flat
6	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 eve	det
8	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 eve	amod
9	eve	eve	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sat	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 Sabbath	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Sabbath	det
12	Sabbath	Sabbath	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 eve	nmod
13	studying	study	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 sat	advcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Yetzirah	det
15	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Yetzirah	compound
16	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 studying	obj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 created	cc
18	created	create	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sat	conj
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 calf	det
20	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 year	nummod
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 three	punct
22	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 old	obl:unmarked
23	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 calf	amod
24	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 created	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 ate	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 ate	cc
27	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sat	conj
28	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 ate	obj
29	'	'	PUNCT	_	27 ate	punct
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	27 ate	punct
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	27 ate	punct
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	sit	past	Rabbi and Rabbi	the entire eve of the Sabbath	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eve=Theme
2	study	gerund	Rabbi and Rabbi not said here	the Sefer Yetzirah	vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yetzirah=Topic
3	create	past	Rabbi and Rabbi not said here	a old calf	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Result
4	eat	past	Rabbi and Rabbi not said here	calf	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/english/S/studying/

📖 studying

Everyday, meaning 1

Everyday, meaning 2

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5

Example 6

Example 7

Example 8

studying