troth
Who acts: Troth, old oath, I, solemn promise, They, you · What happens: be, mean, promise, pledge, plight, help · To what, where: old word, old oath, faith, troth, you, she · Speech: someone speaks here
«troth» in the English dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: troth in the English dictionary.
Everyday, meaning 1
Troth is an old word for a promise or a faithful word; 'my troth' or 'on my troth' is an old oath meaning truly, I promise.
The tree, 26 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 word | cop |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 word | amod |
| 5 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 promise | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 promise | det |
| 8 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 oath | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 word | cc |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 word | det |
| 11 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 word | amod |
| 12 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 promise | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 promise | punct |
| 14 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 troth | punct |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 troth | nmod:poss |
| 16 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 oath | nsubj |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 16 troth | punct |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 troth | cc |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 troth | punct |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 troth | case |
| 21 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 troth | nmod:poss |
| 22 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 troth | conj |
| 23 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 troth | punct |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 oath | cop |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 oath | det |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 oath | amod |
| 27 | oath | oath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | nmod |
| 28 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 oath | acl |
| 29 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 28 meaning | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 promise | punct |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 promise | nsubj |
| 32 | promise | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 word | parataxis |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 word | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Troth | a old word | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | my troth or my troth | a old oath | for a promise or a faithful word | tree rules | |||
| 3 | mean | gerund | a old oath not said here | truly property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | promise speech: promise | present | I | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Early Modern English, meaning 1
A solemn promise or pledge of faith; "my troth" or "on my troth" is an old oath meaning truly.
The tree, 19 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 promise | det |
| 2 | solemn | solemn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 promise | amod |
| 3 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 oath | nsubj |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 pledge | cc |
| 5 | pledge | pledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 promise | conj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 faith | case |
| 7 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pledge | nmod |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 troth | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 troth | punct |
| 10 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 troth | nmod:poss |
| 11 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 promise | conj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 troth | punct |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 troth | cc |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 troth | punct |
| 15 | on | on | ADP | _ | 17 troth | case |
| 16 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 troth | nmod:poss |
| 17 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 troth | conj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 troth | punct |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 oath | cop |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 oath | det |
| 21 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 oath | amod |
| 22 | oath | oath | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 23 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 oath | acl |
| 24 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 23 meaning | advmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 oath | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a solemn promise or pledge of faith and my troth or my troth | a old oath | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | mean | gerund | a old oath not said here | truly property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | pledge | faith | nom pledge «possession transitive»: of=patient |
Example 1
They plighted their troth.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 plighted | nsubj |
| 2 | plighted | plight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 troth | nmod:poss |
| 4 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 plighted | obj |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 plighted | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | plight | past | They | their troth | tree rules |
Example 2
On my troth, I will help you.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 troth | case |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 troth | nmod:poss |
| 3 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 help | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 troth | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 help | nsubj |
| 6 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 help | aux |
| 7 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 help | obj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 help | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | future | I | you | my troth | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
Example 3
'Be easy, Fin,' said Oonagh; 'troth, I am ashamed of you.'
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 2 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 3 easy | cop |
| 3 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Fin | punct |
| 5 | Fin | Fin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 easy | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 7 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 easy | conj |
| 9 | Oonagh | Oonagh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 said | nsubj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 ' | punct |
| 11 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 3 easy | case |
| 12 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ' | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ashamed | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 ashamed | nsubj |
| 15 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 ashamed | cop |
| 16 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 easy | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 you | case |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 ashamed | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 20 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | imperative | you not said here | Fin conj; easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Oonagh | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | I | of you; ashamed property | tree rules |
Example 4
"Be easy, Fin," replied Oonagh; "troth, I'm ashamed of you.
From Celtic Fairy Tales.
The tree, 11 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 2 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 3 easy | cop |
| 3 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 replied | ccomp |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Fin | punct |
| 5 | Fin | Fin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 easy | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 easy | punct |
| 8 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | Oonagh | Oonagh | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 replied | nsubj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 troth | punct |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 troth | punct |
| 12 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 replied | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ashamed | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 ashamed | nsubj |
| 15 | 'm | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 ashamed | cop |
| 16 | ashamed | ashamed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 troth | acl:relcl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 you | case |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 ashamed | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 replied | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | infinitive | Fin conj; easy property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | reply speech: assert | past | Oonagh | troth | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | Oonagh | troth not said here | of you; ashamed property | tree rules |
Example 5
"On my troth I will bring you to good water," says she.
From Russian Fairy Tales: A Choice Collection of Muscovite Folk-lore.
The tree, 12 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 2 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 troth | case |
| 3 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 troth | nmod:poss |
| 4 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bring | obl |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 bring | nsubj |
| 6 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 bring | aux |
| 7 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 says | ccomp |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 bring | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 water | case |
| 10 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 water | amod |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bring | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 bring | punct |
| 14 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 says | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring in a quote | future | I | you | my troth | to good water | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent you=Theme on troth=Destination | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | she | tree rules |
Example 6
And when they were young they loved one another and plighted their troth.
From More English Fairy Tales.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 loved | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 young | advmod |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 young | nsubj |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 young | cop |
| 5 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 loved | obj |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 loved | nsubj |
| 7 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 loved | obj |
| 9 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 one | fixed |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 plighted | cc |
| 11 | plighted | plight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 loved | conj |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 troth | nmod:poss |
| 13 | troth | troth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 plighted | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 loved | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | they | young property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | love | past | they | one | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | plight | participle | they not said here | their troth | tree rules |
Text: the English dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader, each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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