babel

Who acts: Tower, people, God, babel, many voices, beginning · What happens: be, try, build up, mix up, not understand, spread · To what, where: story, Genesis, tower, language, each, earth · Speech: someone speaks here

«babel» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: babel in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

The Tower of Babel is a story in Genesis where people tried to build a tower up to heaven; God mixed up their language so they could not understand each other, and they spread over the earth.

The tree, 37 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Tower	det
2	Tower	Tower	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 story	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Babel	case
4	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Tower	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 story	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 story	det
7	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Genesis	case
9	Genesis	Genesis	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 story	nmod
10	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 tried	advmod
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 tried	nsubj
12	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 story	advcl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 build	mark
14	build	build	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 tried	xcomp
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 tower	det
16	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 build	obj
17	up	up	ADP	_	14 build	compound:prt
18	to	to	ADP	_	19 heaven	case
19	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 build	obl
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 mixed	punct
21	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 mixed	nsubj
22	mixed	mix	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 story	parataxis
23	up	up	ADP	_	22 mixed	compound:prt
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 language	nmod:poss
25	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 mixed	obj
26	so	so	SCONJ	_	30 understand	mark
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 understand	nsubj
28	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 understand	aux
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	30 understand	advmod
30	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 mixed	advcl
31	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	30 understand	obj
32	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 each	fixed
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 spread	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 spread	cc
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 spread	nsubj
36	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 mixed	parataxis
37	over	over	ADP	_	39 earth	case
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 earth	det
39	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 spread	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 story	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Tower of Babel	a story	Genesis		tree rules
2	try	past	people				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	build up not said to happen	to-infinitive	people not said here	a tower		to heaven result	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient tower=Extent to heaven=Result
4	mix up	past	God	people's language			vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient
5	not understand	could	people	each			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus
6	spread	present	people		the earth		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over earth=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A babel is a confused noise of many voices talking at once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 babel	det
2	babel	babel	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 noise	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 noise	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 noise	det
5	confused	confused	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 noise	amod
6	noise	noise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 voices	case
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 voices	amod
9	voices	voice	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 noise	nmod
10	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 voices	acl
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 once	case
12	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	10 talking	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 noise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a babel	a confused noise				of many voices	tree rules
2	talk	gerund	many voices not said here						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. (Torah GEN.10.10, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	8 Babel	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 beginning	det
3	beginning	beginning	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Babel	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 kingdom	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 kingdom	nmod:poss
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 beginning	nmod
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 Babel	cop
8	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Erech	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Erech	cc
11	Erech	Erech	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Babel	appos
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 Accad	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 Accad	cc
14	Accad	Accad	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Erech	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 Calneh	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Calneh	cc
17	Calneh	Calneh	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Erech	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 land	punct
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 land	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 land	det
21	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 Erech	appos
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 Shinar	case
23	Shinar	Shinar	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 land	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 Erech	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the beginning of his kingdom	Babel					tree rules
2	begin			his kingdom					nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.10.10, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.10.10	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.10.10	compound
3	GEN.10.10	GEN.10.10	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.10.10	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.10.10	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. (Torah GEN.11.9, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

The tree, 36 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	_	4 name	advmod
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 name	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 name	det
4	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 called	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 it	case
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 name	nmod
7	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 called	obj
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 confound	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	15 confound	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 LORD	det
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 confound	nsubj
13	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 confound	aux
14	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 confound	advmod
15	confound	confound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 called	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 language	det
17	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 confound	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	21 earth	case
19	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	21 earth	det:predet
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 earth	det
21	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 language	nmod
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 scatter	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 scatter	cc
24	from	from	SCONJ	_	26 did	mark
25	thence	thence	ADV	_	26 did	advmod
26	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 scatter	aux
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 LORD	det
28	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 scatter	nsubj
29	scatter	scatter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 called	advcl
30	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 scatter	obj
31	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	29 scatter	advmod
32	upon	upon	ADP	_	34 face	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 face	det
34	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 scatter	obl
35	of	of	ADP	_	38 earth	case
36	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	38 earth	det:predet
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 earth	det
38	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 face	nmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the name			of name; therefore property	tree rules
2	call	past	the name		Babel			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent babel=Recipient
3	confound	past · do-support	the LORD	the language of all earth		there		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus language=Experiencer
4	scatter	past · do-support	the LORD	them = they		the face of all earth	abroad property	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme upon face=Destination

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.11.9, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.11.9	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.11.9	compound
3	GEN.11.9	GEN.11.9	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.11.9	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.11.9	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

The people of Babel wanted a tower that reached the sky.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 people	det
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wanted	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Babel	case
4	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 people	nmod
5	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tower	det
7	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wanted	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 reached	nsubj
9	reached	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 tower	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sky	det
11	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 reached	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 wanted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	past	the people of Babel	a tower					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot tower=Theme
2	reach	past	a tower	the sky					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent sky=Theme

Example 4

God confused their language, and work on the tower stopped.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 confused	nsubj
2	confused	confuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 language	nmod:poss
4	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 confused	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 stopped	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 stopped	cc
7	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 stopped	nsubj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 tower	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 tower	det
10	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 work	nmod
11	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 confused	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 confused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confuse	past	God	their language					vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient
2	stop	past	work on the tower						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Example 5

The station was a babel of voices in many languages.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 station	det
2	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 babel	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 babel	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 babel	det
5	babel	babel	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 voices	case
7	voices	voice	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 babel	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 languages	case
9	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 languages	amod
10	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 voices	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 babel	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the station	a babel				of voices in many languages	tree rules

Example 6

Our classroom became a babel when the teacher left.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 classroom	nmod:poss
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 became	nsubj
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 babel	det
5	babel	babel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 became	xcomp
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 left	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 teacher	det
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 left	nsubj
9	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 became	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 became	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Our classroom	a babel					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	leave	past	the teacher						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 7

We built a Tower of Babel from paper cups.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 Tower	det
4	Tower	Tower	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 built	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Babel	case
6	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Tower	nmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 cups	case
8	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cups	compound
9	cups	cup	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 built	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	We	a Tower of Babel		paper cups			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent tower=Product from cup=Material

Example 8

The story of Babel explains why people speak different languages.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 story	det
2	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 explains	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Babel	case
4	Babel	Babel	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 story	nmod
5	explains	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 speak	advmod
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 speak	nsubj
8	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 explains	ccomp
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 languages	amod
10	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 speak	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 explains	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present	the story of Babel						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	speak speech: other	present	people	different languages					tree rules

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/B/babel/