calque

What happens: make, translate, calque, mean, have, be · To what, where: word, part, It, essence · Speech: someone speaks here

«calque» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 1 example, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: calque in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A word or phrase made by translating each part of a word from another language.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 word	det
2	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 phrase	cc
4	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 word	conj
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 word	acl
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 translating	mark
7	translating	translate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 made	advcl
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 part	det
9	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translating	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 word	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 word	det
12	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 part	nmod
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 language	case
14	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	15 language	det
15	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 word	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a word or phrase not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	translate	gerund		each part of a word from another language					vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

It might best be calqued as 'whatlessness', meaning 'having no essence', and thus the ‘Ten Sefirot Belimah’ would be the ‘Ten Essenceless/Whatless Numbers'. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

Sentence 1: It might best be calqued as 'whatlessness', meaning 'having no essence', and thus the ‘Ten Sefirot Belimah’ would be the ‘Ten Essenceless/Whatless Numbers'.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 calqued	nsubj:pass
2	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 calqued	aux
3	best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 calqued	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 calqued	aux:pass
5	calqued	calque	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 whatlessness	case
7	'	'	PUNCT	_	8 whatlessness	punct
8	whatlessness	whatlessness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 calqued	obl
9	',	',	PUNCT	_	8 whatlessness	punct
10	meaning	mean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 calqued	advcl
11	'	'	PUNCT	_	12 having	punct
12	having	have	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 meaning	ccomp
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 essence	det
14	essence	essence	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 having	obj
15	',	',	PUNCT	_	12 having	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 would	cc
17	thus	thus	ADV	_	24 would	advmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 would	det
19	‘	'	PUNCT	_	20 Ten	punct
20	Ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	24 would	nsubj
21	Sefirot	Sefirot	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Ten	nmod:unmarked
22	Belimah	Belimah	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Sefirot	flat
23	’	'	PUNCT	_	21 Sefirot	punct
24	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 calqued	advcl
25	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	30 Numbers	cop
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 Numbers	det
27	‘	'	PUNCT	_	30 Numbers	punct
28	Ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 Numbers	nummod
29	Essenceless/Whatless	essenceless/whatless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 Numbers	amod
30	Numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 would	dep
31	'	's	PART	_	30 Numbers	case
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 calqued	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	calque	might · passive	It	as whatlessness; well property	tree rules
2	mean	gerund			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	have	gerund	no essence		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent essence=Patient
4	is	infinitive		's the Ten Essenceless/Whatless Numbers	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 translation	punct
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
6	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
7	translation	translation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/C/calque/