dictation

Who acts: Dictation, someone, Joseph, B, ty, We · What happens: say, write down, be, read, write, sit down · To what, where: words, passage, sefer, dictation, five books, spelling dictation · Speech: someone speaks here

«dictation» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: dictation in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Dictation is saying words aloud so that someone else can write them down exactly.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 saying	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 saying	aux
3	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 saying	obj
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	3 saying	advmod
6	so	so	SCONJ	_	11 write	mark
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 write	mark
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 write	nsubj
9	else	else	ADV	_	8 someone	advmod
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 write	aux
11	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 saying	advcl
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 write	obj
13	down	down	ADP	_	11 write	compound:prt
14	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	11 write	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 saying	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · progressive	Dictation	words				aloud property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
2	write down	can	someone	words = word				exactly property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A dictation can be the passage that is read aloud for pupils to write.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dictation	det
2	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passage	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 passage	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 passage	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 passage	det
6	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 read	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 read	aux:pass
9	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 passage	acl:relcl
10	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	9 read	advmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 pupils	case
12	pupils	pupil	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 read	obl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 write	mark
14	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 read	advcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 passage	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	can	a dictation	the passage		tree rules
2	read	present · passive		the passage	for pupils; aloud property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
3	write	to-infinitive				vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 1

Immediately Joseph sat down and wrote down the sefer Yetzirah at the dictation of B'"usy." (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Immediately Joseph sat down and wrote down the sefer Yetzirah at the dictation of B'"usy."

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Immediately	immediately	ADV	_	3 sat	advmod
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sat	nsubj
3	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 sat	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 wrote	cc
6	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sat	conj
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 wrote	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sefer	det
9	sefer	sefer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wrote	obj
10	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 sefer	appos
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 dictation	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dictation	det
13	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 usy	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 B	case
15	B	B	NOUN	Abbr=Yes Number=Sing	13 dictation	nmod
16	'	'	PUNCT	_	15 B	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 dictation	punct
18	usy	usy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wrote	parataxis
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sat	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 sat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sit down	past	Joseph		immediately property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	write down	past	Joseph not said here	the sefer		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent sefer=Recipient clause=Topic
3	dictate		B			nom dictation «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 2

Immediately Joseph sat down and wrote down these words at the dictation of ty"Bsy [Ben Sira], and he wrote them in five books on the earth : Sefer Yetzirah, etc." (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 42 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Immediately	immediately	ADV	_	3 sat	advmod
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sat	nsubj
3	sat	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	down	down	ADP	_	3 sat	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 wrote	cc
6	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sat	conj
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 wrote	compound:prt
8	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	9 words	det
9	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 wrote	obj
10	at	at	ADP	_	12 dictation	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 dictation	det
12	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wrote	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 ty	case
14	ty	ty	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dictation	nmod
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 Bsy	punct
16	Bsy	Bsy	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 ty	appos
17	[	[	PUNCT	_	19 Sira	punct
18	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Sira	flat
19	Sira	Sira	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Bsy	appos
20	]	]	PUNCT	_	19 Sira	punct
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 wrote	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 wrote	cc
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 wrote	nsubj
24	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sat	conj
25	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 wrote	obj
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 books	case
27	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	28 books	nummod
28	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 wrote	obl
29	on	on	ADP	_	31 earth	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 earth	det
31	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 wrote	obl
32	:	:	PUNCT	_	33 Sefer	punct
33	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 earth	appos
34	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Sefer	flat
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 etc.	punct
36	etc.	etc.	NOUN	Abbr=Yes Number=Plur	33 Sefer	flat:foreign
37	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 Sefer	punct
38	(	(	PUNCT	_	39 Mordell	punct
39	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Sefer	appos
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 Origin	punct
41	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 Origin	det
42	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	39 Mordell	appos
43	of	of	ADP	_	44 Letters	case
44	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 Origin	nmod
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 Numerals	cc
46	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 Letters	conj
47	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	49 Sefer	case
48	to	to	ADP	_	47 according	fixed
49	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	44 Letters	nmod
50	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	49 Sefer	flat
51	(	(	PUNCT	_	52 1914	punct
52	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	39 Mordell	nmod:unmarked
53	))	))	PUNCT	_	39 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	sit down	past	Joseph			immediately property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	write down	past	Joseph not said here	this words	the dictation of ty		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
3	write in a quote	past	Joseph	words = word	five books	on the earth	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in book=Destination
4	accord	gerund					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
5	dictate		ty				nom dictation «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Example 3

We had a spelling dictation today.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dictation	det
4	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dictation	compound
5	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
6	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	We	a spelling dictation			today		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictation=Patient

Example 4

The prince wrote the letter at the vizier's dictation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 prince	det
2	prince	prince	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	nsubj
3	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	10 dictation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 vizier	det
8	vizier	vizier	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dictation	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 vizier	case
10	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wrote	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wrote	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past	the prince	the letter		the vizier's dictation			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
2	dictate		the vizier						nom dictation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

Write down every word of the teacher's dictation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	down	down	ADP	_	1 Write	compound:prt
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 word	det
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Write	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 dictation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 teacher	det
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 dictation	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 teacher	case
9	dictation	dictation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 word	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	write down	imperative	you not said here	every word of the teacher's dictation	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
2	word			the teacher's dictation	nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient
3	dictate		the teacher		nom dictation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/D/dictation/