downward Who acts: Downward, remnant, spirit, I, ball, path · What happens: mean, move, point, go down, escape, take · To what, where: remnant, root, spirit, earth, likeness, appearance
«downward» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: downward in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Downward means moving or pointing towards a lower place.
nsubj xcomp cc conj case det amod obl punct root Downward NOUN means VERB moving VERB or CCONJ pointing VERB towards ADP a DET lower ADJ place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Downward downward NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 pointing cc 5 pointing point VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 moving conj 6 towards towards ADP _ 9 place case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 8 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 place amod 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 pointing obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Downward vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 move not said to happen gerund Downward not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 point gerund Downward not said here towards a lower place vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards place=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Downward means going down in amount, as in a downward trend.
nsubj xcomp advmod case obl punct case case det amod obl punct root Downward NOUN means VERB going VERB down ADV in ADP amount NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP a DET downward ADJ trend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Downward downward NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 down down ADV _ 3 going advmod 5 in in ADP _ 6 amount case 6 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 3 going obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 trend punct 8 as as ADP _ 12 trend case 9 in in ADP _ 12 trend case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 trend det 11 downward downward ADJ Degree=Pos 12 trend amod 12 trend trend NOUN Number=Sing 3 going obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Downward vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go down not said to happen gerund Downward not said here as a downward trend; in amount; down property vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in amount=Attribute
Example 1 And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear fruit upward. (Prophets 2KI.19.30, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: And the remnant that is escaped of the house of Judah shall again take root downward, and bear fruit upward.
The tree, 20 words cc det nsubj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case det obl case nmod aux advmod obj advmod punct cc compound parataxis advmod punct root And CCONJ the DET remnant NOUN that PRON is AUX escaped VERB of ADP the DET house NOUN of ADP Judah PROPN shall AUX again ADV take VERB root NOUN downward ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ bear NOUN fruit NOUN upward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 And and CCONJ _ 14 take cc 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 remnant det 3 remnant remnant NOUN Number=Sing 14 take nsubj 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 escaped nsubj:pass 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 escaped aux:pass 6 escaped escape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 remnant acl:relcl 7 of of ADP _ 9 house case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 house det 9 house house NOUN Number=Sing 6 escaped obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 Judah case 11 Judah Judah PROPN Number=Sing 9 house nmod 12 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 take aux 13 again again ADV _ 14 take advmod 14 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 15 root root NOUN Number=Sing 14 take obj 16 downward downward ADV _ 14 take advmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 fruit punct 18 and and CCONJ _ 20 fruit cc 19 bear bear NOUN Number=Sing 20 fruit compound 20 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 14 take parataxis 21 upward upward ADV _ 20 fruit advmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 14 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 escape present · passive the remnant of the house of Judah vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial_Location 2 take shall the remnant root again downward property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Theme
Sentence 2: (Prophets 2KI.19.30, JPS 1917)
punct flat punct nmod:unmarked conj punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN 2KI.19.30 NUM , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 2KI.19.30 2KI.19.30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Prophets flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 1917 punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 6 1917 nmod:unmarked 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 2KI.19.30 conj 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Who knoweth the spirit of man whether it goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast whether it goeth downward to the earth? (Writings ECC.3.21, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Who knoweth the spirit of man whether it goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast whether it goeth downward to the earth?
The tree, 23 words nsubj det obj case nmod mark nsubj advcl advmod punct cc det conj case det nmod mark nsubj advcl advmod case det obl punct root Who PRON knoweth VERB the DET spirit NOUN of ADP man NOUN whether SCONJ it PRON goeth VERB upward ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET spirit NOUN of ADP the DET beast NOUN whether SCONJ it PRON goeth VERB downward ADV to ADP the DET earth NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 knoweth nsubj 2 knoweth know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 spirit det 4 spirit spirit NOUN Number=Sing 2 knoweth obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 man case 6 man man NOUN Number=Sing 4 spirit nmod 7 whether whether SCONJ _ 9 goeth mark 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 goeth nsubj 9 goeth go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 knoweth advcl 10 upward upward ADV _ 9 goeth advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 spirit punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 spirit cc 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 spirit det 14 spirit spirit NOUN Number=Sing 2 knoweth conj 15 of of ADP _ 17 beast case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 beast det 17 beast beast NOUN Number=Sing 14 spirit nmod 18 whether whether SCONJ _ 20 goeth mark 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 goeth nsubj 20 goeth go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 knoweth advcl 21 downward downward ADV _ 20 goeth advmod 22 to to ADP _ 24 earth case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 earth det 24 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 20 goeth obl 25 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 knoweth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present the spirit of man vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer spirit=Stimulus 2 go present spirit upward property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 go present spirit the earth downward property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to earth=Initial_Location
Sentence 2: (Writings ECC.3.21, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN ECC.3.21 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 ECC.3.21 ECC.3.21 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 ECC.3.21 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 ECC.3.21 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 Then I beheld, and lo a likeness as the appearance of fire: from the appearance of his loins and downward, fire; and from his loins and upward, as the appearance of brightness, as the colour of electrum. (Prophets EZK.8.2, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Then I beheld, and lo a likeness as the appearance of fire: from the appearance of his loins and downward, fire; and from his loins and upward, as the appearance of brightness, as the colour of electrum.
The tree, 37 words advmod nsubj punct cc discourse det obl case det nmod case nmod punct case det obl case nmod:poss nmod cc conj punct conj punct cc case nmod:poss parataxis cc conj punct case det conj case nmod punct case det conj case nmod punct root Then ADV I PRON beheld VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ lo INTJ a DET likeness NOUN as ADP the DET appearance NOUN of ADP fire NOUN : PUNCT from ADP the DET appearance NOUN of ADP his PRON loins NOUN and CCONJ downward ADV , PUNCT fire NOUN ; PUNCT and CCONJ from ADP his PRON loins NOUN and CCONJ upward ADV , PUNCT as ADP the DET appearance NOUN of ADP brightness NOUN , PUNCT as ADP the DET colour NOUN of ADP electrum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 3 beheld advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 beheld nsubj 3 beheld behold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 likeness punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 likeness cc 6 lo lo INTJ _ 8 likeness discourse 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 likeness det 8 likeness likeness NOUN Number=Sing 3 beheld obl 9 as as ADP _ 11 appearance case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 appearance det 11 appearance appearance NOUN Number=Sing 8 likeness nmod 12 of of ADP _ 13 fire case 13 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 11 appearance nmod 14 : : PUNCT _ 17 appearance punct 15 from from ADP _ 17 appearance case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 appearance det 17 appearance appearance NOUN Number=Sing 3 beheld obl 18 of of ADP _ 20 loins case 19 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 20 loins nmod:poss 20 loins loin NOUN Number=Plur 17 appearance nmod 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 downward cc 22 downward downward ADV _ 20 loins conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 fire punct 24 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 20 loins conj 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 29 loins punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 29 loins cc 27 from from ADP _ 29 loins case 28 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 29 loins nmod:poss 29 loins loin NOUN Number=Plur 3 beheld parataxis 30 and and CCONJ _ 31 upward cc 31 upward upward ADV _ 29 loins conj 32 , , PUNCT _ 35 appearance punct 33 as as ADP _ 35 appearance case 34 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 35 appearance det 35 appearance appearance NOUN Number=Sing 29 loins conj 36 of of ADP _ 37 brightness case 37 brightness brightness NOUN Number=Sing 35 appearance nmod 38 , , PUNCT _ 41 colour punct 39 as as ADP _ 41 colour case 40 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 41 colour det 41 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 29 loins conj 42 of of ADP _ 43 electrum case 43 electrum electrum NOUN Number=Sing 41 colour nmod 44 . . PUNCT _ 3 beheld punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 behold past I a likeness as the appearance of fire the appearance of his loins and fire then vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer
Sentence 2: (Prophets EZK.8.2, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN EZK.8.2 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct 2 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 EZK.8.2 EZK.8.2 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Prophets appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 EZK.8.2 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 EZK.8.2 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Prophets punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 The ball rolled downward.
det nsubj advmod punct root The DET ball NOUN rolled VERB downward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 rolled nsubj 3 rolled roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 downward downward ADV _ 3 rolled advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 rolled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll past the ball downward property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 The path slopes downward to the beach.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET path NOUN slopes VERB downward ADV to ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 path det 2 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 slopes nsubj 3 slopes slope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 downward downward ADV _ 3 slopes advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 beach case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 beach det 7 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 3 slopes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 slopes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slope present the path to the beach; downward property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Gravity pulls objects downward.
nsubj obj advmod punct root Gravity NOUN pulls VERB objects NOUN downward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gravity gravity NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulls nsubj 2 pulls pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 objects object NOUN Number=Plur 2 pulls obj 4 downward downward ADV _ 2 pulls advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 pulls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull present Gravity objects downward property vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme
Example 7 The graph shows a downward trend in sales.
det nsubj det amod obj case nmod punct root The DET graph NOUN shows VERB a DET downward ADJ trend NOUN in ADP sales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 graph det 2 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trend det 5 downward downward ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trend amod 6 trend trend NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 sales case 8 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 6 trend nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the graph a downward trend in sales vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent trend=Patient in sale=Topic
Example 8 Lie face downward on the mat.
obj advmod case det obl punct root Lie VERB face NOUN downward ADV on ADP the DET mat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lie lie VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 face face NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lie obj 3 downward downward ADV _ 1 Lie advmod 4 on on ADP _ 6 mat case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 mat det 6 mat mat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lie obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Lie punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lie imperative you not said here face the mat downward property vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location face=Theme
Example 9 Prices are moving downward this month.
nsubj aux advmod det obl:unmarked punct root Prices NOUN are AUX moving VERB downward ADV this DET month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Prices price NOUN Number=Plur 3 moving nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 moving aux 3 moving move VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 downward downward ADV _ 3 moving advmod 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 month det 6 month month NOUN Number=Sing 3 moving obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 moving punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present · progressive Prices month downward property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 Still the young man moved slowly downward.
advmod det amod nsubj advmod advmod punct root Still ADV the DET young ADJ man NOUN moved VERB slowly ADV downward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Still still ADV _ 5 moved advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 man det 3 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 4 man amod 4 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 moved nsubj 5 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 slowly slowly ADV _ 7 downward advmod 7 downward downward ADV _ 5 moved advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past the young man still downward property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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