downwards Who acts: He, ball, Gravity, you, line, road · What happens: mean, go, seal, face, roll, pull · To what, where: smaller number, it, bottom, things, fingers, card face
«downwards» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: downwards in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Downwards means towards a lower place or position.
advmod case det amod obl cc conj punct root Downwards ADV means VERB towards ADP a DET lower ADJ place NOUN or CCONJ position NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Downwards downwards ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 towards towards ADP _ 6 place case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 place det 5 lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 place amod 6 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 position cc 8 position position NOUN Number=Sing 6 place conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present towards a lower place or position; downwards property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Downwards means going to a smaller number or amount.
advmod xcomp case det amod obl cc conj punct root Downwards ADV means VERB going VERB to ADP a DET smaller ADJ number NOUN or CCONJ amount NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Downwards downwards ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 to to ADP _ 7 number case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 number det 6 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 number amod 7 number number NOUN Number=Sing 3 going obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 amount cc 9 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 7 number conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present downwards property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go not said to happen gerund a smaller number or amount vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to number=Initial_Location
Example 1 Six—He sealed Below and faced downwards and sealed it with Yod-Waw-Heh. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
Sentence 1: Six—He sealed Below and faced downwards and sealed it with Yod-Waw-Heh.
The tree, 14 words punct nsubj parataxis advmod cc conj advmod cc conj obj case compound punct obl punct flat punct root Six NUM — PUNCT He PRON sealed VERB Below ADV and CCONJ faced VERB downwards ADV and CCONJ sealed VERB it PRON with ADP Yod PROPN - PUNCT Waw PROPN - PUNCT Heh PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Six six NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 2 — - PUNCT _ 4 sealed punct 3 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 sealed nsubj 4 sealed seal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Six parataxis 5 Below below ADV _ 4 sealed advmod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 faced cc 7 faced face VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sealed conj 8 downwards downwards ADV _ 7 faced advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sealed cc 10 sealed seal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sealed conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 sealed obj 12 with with ADP _ 15 Waw case 13 Yod Yod PROPN Number=Sing 15 Waw compound 14 - - PUNCT _ 13 Yod punct 15 Waw Waw PROPN Number=Sing 10 sealed obl 16 - - PUNCT _ 17 Heh punct 17 Heh Heh PROPN Number=Sing 15 Waw flat 18 . . PUNCT _ 1 Six punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seal past He below property vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 2 face past He not said here downwards property vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 seal past He not said here it with Yod Waw vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
punct flat punct compound compound appos punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Sefaria PROPN community NOUN translation NOUN ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 translation punct 5 Sefaria Sefaria PROPN Number=Sing 7 translation compound 6 community community NOUN Number=Sing 7 translation compound 7 translation translation NOUN Number=Sing 2 Sefer appos 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 The ball rolled downwards to the bottom of the hill.
det nsubj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET ball NOUN rolled VERB downwards ADV to ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 rolled nsubj 3 rolled roll VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 downwards downwards ADV _ 3 rolled advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 bottom case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bottom det 7 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 3 rolled obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 hill case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hill det 10 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 7 bottom nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 rolled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roll past the ball the bottom of the hill downwards property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to bottom=Destination
Example 3 Gravity pulls things downwards.
nsubj obj advmod punct root Gravity NOUN pulls VERB things NOUN downwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gravity gravity NOUN Number=Sing 2 pulls nsubj 2 pulls pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 pulls obj 4 downwards downwards ADV _ 2 pulls advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 pulls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull present Gravity things downwards property vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
Example 4 Point your fingers downwards.
nmod:poss obj advmod punct root Point VERB your PRON fingers NOUN downwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Point point VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 fingers nmod:poss 3 fingers finger NOUN Number=Plur 1 Point obj 4 downwards downwards ADV _ 1 Point advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 point imperative you not said here your fingers downwards property vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient
Example 5 The line on the graph goes downwards.
det nsubj case det nmod advmod punct root The DET line NOUN on ADP the DET graph NOUN goes VERB downwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 line det 2 line line NOUN Number=Sing 6 goes nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 graph case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 graph det 5 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 2 line nmod 6 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 downwards downwards ADV _ 6 goes advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the line on the graph downwards property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The road slopes downwards to the river.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET road NOUN slopes VERB downwards ADV to ADP the DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 road det 2 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 slopes nsubj 3 slopes slope VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 downwards downwards ADV _ 3 slopes advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 river case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 river det 7 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 slopes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 slopes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slope present the road to the river; downwards property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Lay the card face downwards.
det compound obj advmod punct root Lay VERB the DET card NOUN face NOUN downwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lay lay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 face det 3 card card NOUN Number=Sing 4 face compound 4 face face NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lay obj 5 downwards downwards ADV _ 1 Lay advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay imperative you not said here the card face downwards property vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Result
Example 8 Everyone from age 10 downwards gets in free.
nsubj case nmod nummod nmod case obl punct root Everyone PRON from ADP age NOUN 10 NUM downwards NOUN gets VERB in ADP free ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 6 gets nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 age case 3 age age NOUN Number=Sing 1 Everyone nmod 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 downwards nummod 5 downwards downward NOUN Number=Plur 1 Everyone nmod 6 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADP _ 8 free case 8 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 6 gets obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Everyone free vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 The summit of the tree waved to and fro, and bent downwards as if in his silent longing he sought for something.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj case det nmod obl cc conj punct cc parataxis advmod mark mark case nmod:poss amod obl nsubj advcl case obl punct root The DET summit NOUN of ADP the DET tree NOUN waved VERB to ADP and CCONJ fro VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ bent ADJ downwards ADV as SCONJ if SCONJ in ADP his PRON silent ADJ longing NOUN he PRON sought VERB for ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 summit det 2 summit summit NOUN Number=Sing 6 waved nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 tree case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tree det 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 summit nmod 6 waved wave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to ADP _ 6 waved obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 fro cc 9 fro fro VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 waved conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 bent punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 bent cc 12 bent bent ADJ Degree=Pos 6 waved parataxis 13 downwards downwards ADV _ 12 bent advmod 14 as as SCONJ _ 21 sought mark 15 if if SCONJ _ 21 sought mark 16 in in ADP _ 19 longing case 17 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 longing nmod:poss 18 silent silent ADJ Degree=Pos 19 longing amod 19 longing longing NOUN Number=Sing 21 sought obl 20 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 sought nsubj 21 sought seek VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 bent advcl 22 for for ADP _ 23 something case 23 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 21 sought obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 waved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wave past the summit of the tree vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 fro infinitive the summit of the tree not said here tree rules 3 seek past summit summit's silent longing for something vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in longing=Location for something=Theme 4 long summit nom longing «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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