especially

Who acts: chapter, commentators, I, It, you, cake · What happens: mean, make, sign, be, represent, explain · To what, where: more, Zodiac, Mishnah treating, animals, hands, stairs

«especially» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: especially in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Especially means more than usual, or more than others; particularly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Especially	especially	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	obj
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 usual	case
5	usual	usual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 more	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 more	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 more	cc
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 others	case
10	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 more	obl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 particularly	punct
12	particularly	particularly	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present		more				especially, particularly property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Especially means for one special purpose or person, as in made especially for you.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Especially	especially	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	6 purpose	case
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 purpose	nummod
5	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 purpose	amod
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	obl
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 person	cc
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 purpose	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 made	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 made	mark
11	in	in	SCONJ	_	12 made	mark
12	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 means	parataxis
13	especially	especially	ADV	_	12 made	advmod
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 you	case
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 made	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present						for one special purpose or person; especially property	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for purpose=Attribute
2	make	participle						for you; especially property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for you=Beneficiary

Example 1

Constellations; especially the twelve signs of the Zodiac. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

Sentence 1: Constellations; especially the twelve signs of the Zodiac.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Constellations	constellation	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 signs	nsubj
2	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Constellations	punct
3	especially	especially	ADV	_	6 signs	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 signs	det
5	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 signs	nummod
6	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 Zodiac	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Zodiac	det
9	Zodiac	Zodiac	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 signs	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 signs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sign			the Zodiac					nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Kalisch	punct
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1877	1877	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Kalisch	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

This chapter is especially concerned with the essence of the Triad, as represented by the Three Mothers, Aleph, Mem, and Shin. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: This chapter is especially concerned with the essence of the Triad, as represented by the Three Mothers, Aleph, Mem, and Shin.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 chapter	det
2	chapter	chapter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concerned	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 concerned	cop
4	especially	especially	ADV	_	5 concerned	advmod
5	concerned	concerned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 essence	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 essence	det
8	essence	essence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 concerned	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 Triad	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Triad	det
11	Triad	Triad	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 essence	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 represented	punct
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 represented	mark
14	represented	represent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 concerned	conj
15	by	by	ADP	_	18 Mothers	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Mothers	det
17	Three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 Mothers	nummod
18	Mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 represented	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 Aleph	punct
20	Aleph	Aleph	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Mothers	appos
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 Mem	punct
22	Mem	Mem	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Aleph	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 Shin	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 Shin	cc
25	Shin	Shin	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Aleph	conj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 concerned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this chapter					with the essence of the Triad; concerned, especially property	tree rules
2	represent	participle	this chapter not said here					by the Three Mothers	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

The Mishnah treating of permutation was well explained by all commentators, especially by S. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 treating	det
2	Mishnah	Mishnah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 treating	compound
3	treating	treating	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 explained	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 permutation	case
5	permutation	permutation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 treating	nmod
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 explained	aux:pass
7	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 explained	advmod
8	explained	explain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 commentators	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 commentators	det
11	commentators	commentator	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 explained	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 S.	punct
13	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 S.	advmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 S.	case
15	S.	S.	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 commentators	nmod
16	(	(	PUNCT	_	17 Mordell	punct
17	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 S.	flat
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 Origin	punct
19	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Origin	det
20	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 S.	conj
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 Letters	case
22	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Origin	nmod
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 Numerals	cc
24	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 Letters	conj
25	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 Sefer	case
26	to	to	ADP	_	25 according	fixed
27	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Letters	nmod
28	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 Sefer	flat
29	(	(	PUNCT	_	30 1914	punct
30	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 S.	list
31	))	))	PUNCT	_	30 1914	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	past · passive	all commentators by S. and the Origin of Letters accord Sefer and Numerals	the Mishnah treating of permutation				well property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
2	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 4

I love animals, especially dogs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 love	nsubj
2	love	love	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 love	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 dogs	punct
5	especially	especially	ADV	_	6 dogs	advmod
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 animals	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 love	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love	present	I	animals and dogs					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus

Example 5

It's cold, especially at night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cold	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cold	cop
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 night	punct
5	especially	especially	ADV	_	7 night	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 night	case
7	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cold	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				night	cold property	tree rules

Example 6

Wash your hands, especially before you eat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wash	wash	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hands	nmod:poss
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Wash	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 eat	punct
5	especially	especially	ADV	_	8 eat	advmod
6	before	before	SCONJ	_	8 eat	mark
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 eat	nsubj
8	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Wash	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Wash	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wash	imperative	you not said here	your hands					vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
2	eat	present	you					especially property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

This cake is especially for you.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 cake	det
2	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 you	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 you	cop
4	especially	especially	ADV	_	6 you	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 you	case
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 you	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this cake					for you; especially property	tree rules

Example 8

Be careful on the stairs, especially when they're wet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	2 careful	cop
2	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 wet	csubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 stairs	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stairs	det
5	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 careful	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 wet	punct
7	especially	especially	ADV	_	11 wet	advmod
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 wet	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 wet	nsubj
10	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 wet	cop
11	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 wet	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	infinitive				the stairs		careful property	tree rules
2	is	present	stairs = stair					especially, wet property	tree rules

Example 9

She is especially good at drawing horses.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 good	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 good	cop
3	especially	especially	ADV	_	4 good	advmod
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	at	at	SCONJ	_	6 drawing	mark
6	drawing	draw	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 good	advcl
7	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 drawing	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					especially, good property	tree rules
2	draw	gerund	She not said here	horses					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme

Example 10

Bees are especially busy in summer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 busy	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 busy	cop
3	especially	especially	ADV	_	4 busy	advmod
4	busy	busy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 summer	case
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 busy	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 busy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Bees				summer	busy, especially property	tree rules

Example 11

They give themselves great airs, especially the ibis.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 give	nsubj
2	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 give	obj
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 airs	amod
5	airs	air	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 give	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ibis	punct
7	especially	especially	ADV	_	9 ibis	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ibis	det
9	ibis	ibis	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 airs	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	They	themselves = they					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Recipient air=Theme

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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