exist

Who acts: substance, things, His, Dinosaurs, you, aliens · What happens: be, live, stay, exist, arise, originate · To what, where: world, hard way, little food, three mothers, three masculine powers, things · Speech: someone speaks here

«exist» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: exist in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

To be real; to be present in the world or in a place.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	3 real	mark
2	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	3 real	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 present	punct
5	to	to	PART	_	7 present	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 present	cop
7	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 real	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 world	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 world	det
10	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 present	obl
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 place	cc
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 place	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 place	det
14	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 world	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 real	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	to-infinitive						real property	tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive				the world or a place		present property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To live or stay alive, especially in a hard way (to exist on very little food).

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 live	mark
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 stay	cc
4	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 live	conj
5	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stay	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 way	punct
7	especially	especially	ADV	_	11 way	advmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 way	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 way	det
10	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 way	amod
11	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 live	obl
12	(	(	PUNCT	_	14 exist	punct
13	to	to	PART	_	14 exist	mark
14	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	11 way	parataxis
15	on	on	ADP	_	18 food	case
16	very	very	ADV	_	17 little	advmod
17	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 food	amod
18	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 exist	obl
19	)	)	PUNCT	_	14 exist	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 way	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	where	other	roles by
1	live	to-infinitive	a hard way		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location
2	stay	infinitive		alive property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	exist	to-infinitive	little food		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on food=Location

Example 1

At first existed these three mothers, and there arose three masculine powers, and hence all things have originated. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

Sentence 1: At first existed these three mothers, and there arose three masculine powers, and hence all things have originated.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	2 first	case
2	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 existed	obl
3	existed	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	6 mothers	det
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 mothers	nummod
6	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 existed	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 arose	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 arose	cc
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 arose	expl
10	arose	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 existed	conj
11	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 powers	nummod
12	masculine	masculine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 powers	amod
13	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 arose	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 originated	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 originated	cc
16	hence	hence	ADV	_	20 originated	advmod
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	18 things	det
18	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 originated	nsubj:pass
19	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 originated	aux
20	originated	originate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 existed	conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 existed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	exist	past	this three mothers			tree rules
2	arise	past	three masculine powers	there		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location power=Theme
3	originate	present · perfect · passive	all things		hence property	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1887	1887	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

There exist alternative traditions where this term in the SY is vocalized instead as אַמּוֹת ammot 'cubits' or אֻמּוֹת ummot 'nations'. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

Sentence 1: There exist alternative traditions where this term in the SY is vocalized instead as אַמּוֹת ammot 'cubits' or אֻמּוֹת ummot 'nations'.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 exist	expl
2	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	alternative	alternative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 traditions	amod
4	traditions	tradition	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exist	obj
5	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 vocalized	advmod
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 term	det
7	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 vocalized	nsubj:pass
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 SY	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 SY	det
10	SY	SY	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 term	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 vocalized	aux:pass
12	vocalized	vocalize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 traditions	acl:relcl
13	instead	instead	ADV	_	16 ammot	case
14	as	as	ADP	_	16 ammot	case
15	אַמּוֹת	אַמּוֹת	PUNCT	_	16 ammot	punct
16	ammot	ammot	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exist	obl
17	'	'	PUNCT	_	18 cubits	punct
18	cubits	cubit	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ammot	appos
19	'	'	PUNCT	_	18 cubits	punct
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	24 nations	cc
21	אֻמּוֹת	אֻמּוֹת	PUNCT	_	24 nations	punct
22	ummot	ummot	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 nations	compound
23	'	'	PUNCT	_	24 nations	punct
24	nations	nation	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ammot	conj
25	'	'	PUNCT	_	24 nations	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present		alternative traditions		there		instead ammot or ummot nations	tree rules
2	vocalize	present · passive		this term in the SY					vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 translation	punct
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
6	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
7	translation	translation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

or does exist outside of Himself ; His substance is the foundation of all, and all things bear His imprint and are symbols of His intelligence." (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: or does exist outside of Himself ; His substance is the foundation of all, and all things bear His imprint and are symbols of His intelligence."

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 exist	cc
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 exist	aux
3	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	outside	outside	ADP	_	6 Himself	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	4 outside	fixed
6	Himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 exist	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 foundation	punct
8	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 substance	nmod:poss
9	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 foundation	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 foundation	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 foundation	det
12	foundation	foundation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exist	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 all	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 foundation	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 bear	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 bear	cc
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	18 things	det
18	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bear	nsubj
19	bear	bear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 exist	parataxis
20	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 imprint	nmod:poss
21	imprint	imprint	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 bear	obj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 symbols	cc
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 symbols	cop
24	symbols	symbol	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bear	conj
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 intelligence	case
26	His	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 intelligence	nmod:poss
27	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 symbols	nmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 exist	punct
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	exist	present · do-support			outside Himself = he	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside himself=Location
2	is a	present	His substance	the foundation	of all	tree rules
3	bear	present	all things	His imprint		vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent imprint=Patient
4	is a	present	all things not said here	symbols	of His intelligence	tree rules
5	imprint		His = he			nom imprint «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 existed	nsubj
2	existed	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 existed	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 years	case
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 millions	nmod
6	ago	ago	ADV	_	2 existed	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 existed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	past	Dinosaurs	millions of years				ago property	tree rules

Example 5

Do you think aliens exist?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 think	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 think	nsubj
3	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 exist	nsubj
5	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 think	ccomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present · do-support	you						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	exist	infinitive	aliens						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 6

Dodos no longer exist — they are extinct.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dodos	dodo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	nsubj
2	no	no	ADV	_	3 longer	advmod
3	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 exist	advmod
4	exist	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	—	-	PUNCT	_	8 extinct	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 extinct	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 extinct	cop
8	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 exist	advcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	Dodos					long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Dodos = dodo					extinct property	tree rules

Example 7

Water exists as ice, liquid and steam.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exists	nsubj
2	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	4 ice	case
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exists	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 liquid	punct
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ice	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 steam	cc
8	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ice	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 exists	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	Water					as ice and liquid and steam	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 8

Unicorns don't exist except in stories.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Unicorns	unicorn	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 exist	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 exist	advmod
4	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	except	except	ADP	_	7 stories	case
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 stories	case
7	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	present · do-support	Unicorns					except stories	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 9

This old castle has existed for 800 years.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 castle	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 castle	amod
3	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 existed	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 existed	aux
5	existed	exist	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 years	case
7	800	800	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 existed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 existed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present · perfect · passive		this old castle			year		tree rules

Example 10

Plants could not exist without sunlight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 exist	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 exist	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 exist	advmod
4	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 sunlight	case
6	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exist	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	could	Plants					without sunlight	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 11

He could exist here, he said, well enough.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 exist	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 exist	aux
3	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 exist	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 said	nsubj
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 exist	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 well	punct
9	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 said	advmod
10	enough	enough	ADV	_	9 well	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 exist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	could	He			here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	say speech: assert	past	he					well property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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