frighten

Who acts: someone, animal, carcasses, none, thunder, you · What happens: frighten, mean, make, feel, scare, go away · To what, where: someone, animal, food, none, carcasses, little dog · Speech: someone speaks here

«frighten» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: frighten in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

To frighten means to make someone feel scared.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 frighten	mark
2	frighten	frighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 means	csubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 make	mark
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 means	xcomp
6	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 make	obj
7	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 make	xcomp
8	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 feel	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	frighten	to-infinitive				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	make not said to happen	to-infinitive		someone		tree rules
4	feel not said to happen	infinitive	someone not said here		scared property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To frighten away or off means to scare an animal or person so they go away.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 frighten	mark
2	frighten	frighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 means	csubj
3	away	away	ADV	_	2 frighten	advmod
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 off	cc
5	off	off	ADV	_	3 away	conj
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 scare	mark
8	scare	scare	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 means	xcomp
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 animal	det
10	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 scare	obj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 person	cc
12	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 animal	conj
13	so	so	ADV	_	15 go	advmod
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 go	nsubj
15	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 means	advcl
16	away	away	ADV	_	15 go	advmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	frighten	to-infinitive			away property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	scare not said to happen	to-infinitive		a animal or person		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus animal=Experiencer
4	go away	present	animal		away property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 1

And thy carcasses shall be food unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and there shall be none to frighten them away. (Torah DEU.28.26, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And thy carcasses shall be food unto all fowls of the air, and unto the beasts of the earth, and there shall be none to frighten them away.

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	6 food	cc
2	thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 carcasses	nmod:poss
3	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 food	nsubj
4	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 food	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 food	cop
6	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	unto	unto	ADP	_	9 fowls	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 fowls	det
9	fowls	fowl	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 food	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 air	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 air	det
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fowls	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 beasts	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 beasts	cc
15	unto	unto	ADP	_	17 beasts	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 beasts	det
17	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 food	conj
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 earth	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 earth	det
20	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 beasts	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 none	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 be	cc
23	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	25 be	expl
24	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 be	aux
25	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	26 none	cop
26	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	6 food	conj
27	to	to	PART	_	28 frighten	mark
28	frighten	frighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 none	acl
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 frighten	obj
30	away	away	ADV	_	28 frighten	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 food	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	shall	thy carcasses	food and the beasts of the earth	unto all fowls of the air	tree rules
2	is a	infinitive	thy carcasses not said here	none		tree rules
3	frighten away	to-infinitive	thy carcasses not said here	carcasses = carcass	away property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.28.26, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.28.26	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.28.26	compound
3	DEU.28.26	DEU.28.26	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.28.26	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.28.26	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And the carcasses of this people shall be food for the fowls of the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth; and none shall frighten them away. (Prophets JER.7.33, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And the carcasses of this people shall be food for the fowls of the heaven, and for the beasts of the earth; and none shall frighten them away.

The tree, 28 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	9 food	cc
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 carcasses	det
3	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 food	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 people	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 people	det
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 carcasses	nmod
7	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 food	aux
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 food	cop
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 fowls	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fowls	det
12	fowls	fowl	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 food	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 heaven	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 heaven	det
15	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fowls	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 beasts	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 beasts	cc
18	for	for	ADP	_	20 beasts	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 beasts	det
20	beasts	beast	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 fowls	conj
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 earth	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 earth	det
23	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 beasts	nmod
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 frighten	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 frighten	cc
26	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	28 frighten	nsubj
27	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 frighten	aux
28	frighten	frighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 food	parataxis
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 frighten	obj
30	away	away	ADV	_	28 frighten	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 food	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	shall	the carcasses of this people	food				for the fowls of the heaven and the beasts of the earth	tree rules
2	frighten away	shall	none	carcasses = carcass				away property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Prophets JER.7.33, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JER.7.33	JER.7.33	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JER.7.33	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JER.7.33	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

The thunder frightened the little dog.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 thunder	det
2	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frightened	nsubj
3	frightened	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dog	det
5	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 dog	amod
6	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frightened	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 frightened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	past	the thunder	the little dog					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dog=Experiencer

Example 4

Don't run at the ducks; you'll frighten them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 run	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 run	advmod
3	run	run	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 ducks	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ducks	det
6	ducks	duck	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 run	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 frighten	punct
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 frighten	nsubj
9	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 frighten	aux
10	frighten	frighten	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 run	advcl
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 frighten	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 run	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not run	imperative · do-support	you not said here					at the ducks	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at duck=Trajectory
2	frighten	future	you	ducks = duck					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Example 5

Loud noises frighten our baby.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 noises	amod
2	noises	noise	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 frighten	nsubj
3	frighten	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 baby	nmod:poss
5	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frighten	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 frighten	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	present	Loud noises	our baby					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus baby=Experiencer

Example 6

I was frightened of the dark when I was little.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 frightened	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 frightened	aux:pass
3	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 dark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dark	det
6	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frightened	obl
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 little	advmod
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 little	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 little	cop
10	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 frightened	advcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 frightened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	past · passive		I				of the dark	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2	is	past	I					little property	tree rules

Example 7

The scarecrow frightens birds away from the corn.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 scarecrow	det
2	scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frightens	nsubj
3	frightens	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 frightens	obj
5	away	away	ADV	_	3 frightens	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 corn	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 corn	det
8	corn	corn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 away	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 frightens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	present	the scarecrow	birds				away property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bird=Experiencer

Example 8

The spooky story frightened everyone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 story	det
2	spooky	spooky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 story	amod
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 story	acl
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 frightened	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 story	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	participle	the spooky story not said here	everyone					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer

Example 9

A frightened cat may scratch, so leave it alone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cat	det
2	frightened	frightened	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cat	amod
3	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 scratch	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 scratch	aux
5	scratch	scratch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 leave	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 leave	advmod
8	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 scratch	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 leave	obj
10	alone	alone	ADV	_	8 leave	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 scratch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	scratch	may	a frightened cat						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	leave	infinitive	a frightened cat not said here	cat				alone property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Example 10

You frightened me, creeping up like that!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 frightened	nsubj
2	frightened	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 frightened	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 creeping	punct
5	creeping	creep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 frightened	advcl
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 creeping	compound:prt
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 that	case
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 creeping	obl
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	2 frightened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten	past	You	me					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer
2	creep up	gerund	You not said here					like that	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 11

"You frighten me," said the rose--tree.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 frighten	punct
2	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 frighten	nsubj
3	frighten	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 said	ccomp
4	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 frighten	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 frighten	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 frighten	punct
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rose	det
9	rose	rose	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 said	obj
10	--	--	PUNCT	_	11 tree	punct
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rose	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	frighten in a quote	present	You	the rose and tree = rose					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer
2	say speech: assert	past	the rose and tree						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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