gallows

Who acts: gallows, they, Esther, it, that, day · What happens: be, use, hang, hange, prepare, say · To what, where: wooden frame, past, criminals, punishment, Haman, gallows · Speech: someone speaks here

«gallows» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: gallows in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A gallows is a wooden frame with a beam, used in the past to hang criminals.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 gallows	det
2	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 frame	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 frame	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 frame	det
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 frame	amod
6	frame	frame	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 beam	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 beam	det
9	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 frame	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 used	punct
11	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 frame	parataxis
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 past	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 past	det
14	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 used	obl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 hang	mark
16	hang	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 used	advcl
17	criminals	criminal	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hang	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 frame	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a gallows	a wooden frame		with a beam	tree rules
2	use	participle			the past		vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hang	to-infinitive		criminals			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criminal=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The gallows is the punishment of being hanged.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gallows	det
2	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 punishment	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 punishment	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 punishment	det
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	8 hanged	mark
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 hanged	aux:pass
8	hanged	hange	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 punishment	acl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 punishment	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the gallows	the punishment					tree rules
2	hange	gerund · passive		the punishment not said here					tree rules

Example 1

So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. (Writings EST.7.10, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	3 hanged	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hanged	nsubj
3	hanged	hange	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Haman	Haman	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 hanged	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 gallows	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gallows	det
7	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hanged	obl
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 prepared	nsubj:pass
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 prepared	nsubj
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 prepared	aux
11	prepared	prepare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gallows	acl:relcl
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 Mordecai	case
13	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 prepared	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hanged	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hange	past	they	Haman		the gallows			tree rules
2	prepare	past · perfect · passive		the gallows				for Mordecai	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for mordecai=Beneficiary

Sentence 2: (Writings EST.7.10, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	EST.7.10	EST.7.10	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EST.7.10	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 EST.7.10	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

Then said Esther: 'If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews that are in Shushan to do to-morrow also according unto this day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged upon the gallows.' (Writings EST.9.13, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Then said Esther: 'If it please the king, let it be granted to the Jews that are in Shushan to do to-morrow also according unto this day's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged upon the gallows.'

The tree, 41 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 said	advmod
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Esther	Esther	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 said	nsubj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 let	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	12 let	punct
6	If	if	SCONJ	_	10 king	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 king	nsubj
8	please	please	INTJ	_	10 king	discourse
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 king	det
10	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 let	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 king	punct
12	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 said	ccomp
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 let	obj
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 granted	aux:pass
15	granted	grant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 let	xcomp
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 Jews	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Jews	det
18	Jews	Jew	PROPN	Number=Plur	12 let	xcomp
19	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	22 Shushan	nsubj
20	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 Shushan	cop
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 Shushan	case
22	Shushan	Shushan	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Jews	conj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 do	mark
24	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 let	xcomp
25	to	to	ADP	_	27 morrow	case
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	25 to	punct
27	morrow	morrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 do	obl
28	also	also	ADV	_	24 do	advmod
29	according	accord	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 do	advcl
30	unto	unto	ADP	_	34 decree	case
31	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	32 day	det
32	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 decree	nmod:poss
33	's	's	PART	_	32 day	case
34	decree	decree	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 according	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 let	punct
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 let	cc
37	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	12 let	parataxis
38	Haman	Haman	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 sons	nmod:poss
39	's	's	PART	_	38 Haman	case
40	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	41 sons	nummod
41	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 hanged	nsubj:pass
42	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	43 hanged	aux:pass
43	hanged	hange	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 let	parataxis
44	upon	upon	ADP	_	46 gallows	case
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 gallows	det
46	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 hanged	obl
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 let	punct
48	'	'	PUNCT	_	12 let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	Esther			then		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	king a condition, not said to happen		it					tree rules
3	let	infinitive		it				tree rules
4	grant	infinitive · passive						vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»
5	is	present	that		Shushan			tree rules
6	do	to-infinitive					to morrow	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	accord	gerund					unto this day's decree	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
8	let	infinitive						vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
9	hange	infinitive · passive		Haman's ten sons			upon the gallows	tree rules
10	decree		this day					nom decree «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Writings EST.9.13, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	EST.9.13	EST.9.13	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EST.9.13	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 EST.9.13	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew: 'Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews. (Writings EST.8.7, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew: 'Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews.

The tree, 39 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 said	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 king	det
3	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 said	nsubj
4	Ahasuerus	Ahasuerus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 king	appos
5	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	unto	unto	ADP	_	7 Esther	case
7	Esther	Esther	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 said	obl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 queen	det
9	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 said	nsubj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Mordecai	cc
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 Mordecai	case
12	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 queen	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Jew	det
14	Jew	Jew	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Mordecai	appos
15	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 given	punct
16	'	'	PUNCT	_	21 given	punct
17	Behold	behold	INTJ	_	21 given	discourse
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 Behold	punct
19	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 given	nsubj
20	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 given	aux
21	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 said	conj
22	Esther	Esther	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 given	iobj
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 house	det
24	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 given	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 Haman	case
26	Haman	Haman	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 house	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 hanged	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 hanged	cc
29	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 hanged	nsubj:pass
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 hanged	nsubj:pass
31	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 hanged	aux
32	hanged	hange	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 said	conj
33	upon	upon	ADP	_	35 gallows	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 gallows	det
35	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 hanged	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 laid	punct
37	because	because	SCONJ	_	39 laid	mark
38	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 laid	nsubj
39	laid	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 said	conj
40	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	41 hand	nmod:poss
41	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 laid	obj
42	upon	upon	ADP	_	44 Jews	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 Jews	det
44	Jews	Jew	PROPN	Number=Plur	39 laid	obl
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the king			then	unto Esther	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	give	present · perfect	I	the house of Haman	Esther			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent esther=Recipient house=Theme
3	hange	present · perfect · passive		king			upon the gallows	tree rules
4	lay	past	king	king's hand			upon the Jews	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme upon jew=Destination

Sentence 2: (Writings EST.8.7, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	EST.8.7	EST.8.7	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EST.8.7	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 EST.8.7	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

The villain was led to the gallows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 villain	det
2	villain	villain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 led	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 led	aux:pass
4	led	lead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 gallows	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gallows	det
7	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 led	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 led	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lead	past · passive		the villain		the gallows			vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to gallows=Destination

Example 5

The judge sent the thief to the gallows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 judge	det
2	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sent	nsubj
3	sent	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thief	det
5	thief	thief	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sent	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 gallows	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 gallows	det
8	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sent	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	send	past	the judge	the thief		the gallows			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thief=Theme to gallows=Destination

Example 6

They built a gallows on the hill.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 built	nsubj
2	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 gallows	det
4	gallows	gallows	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 built	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 hill	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 hill	det
7	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 built	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 built	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	They	a gallows		the hill			vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent gallows=Theme on hill=Source

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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