hardly Who acts: You, numbers, two editors, K, lastly Qoph, true K · What happens: not mean, mean, not be, blame, be, concur · To what, where: him, source, lastly Qoph, Q, that, fog · Speech: someone speaks here
«hardly» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hardly in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hardly means almost not, or only just.
advmod advmod advmod punct cc advmod advmod punct root Hardly ADV means VERB almost ADV not PART , PUNCT or CCONJ only ADV just ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 almost almost ADV _ 4 not advmod 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 means advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 just punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 just cc 7 only only ADV _ 8 just advmod 8 just just ADV _ 2 means advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Hardly ever means almost never.
advmod advmod advmod advmod punct root Hardly ADV ever ADV means VERB almost ADV never ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 almost almost ADV _ 5 never advmod 5 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 means advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present ever hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Hardly can mean it is not reasonable: «You can hardly blame him.».
The tree, 12 words advmod aux expl cop advmod ccomp punct punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis obj punct punct punct root Hardly ADV can AUX mean VERB it PRON is AUX not PART reasonable ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT You PRON can AUX hardly ADV blame VERB him PRON . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 reasonable expl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 reasonable cop 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 reasonable advmod 7 reasonable reasonable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean ccomp 8 : : PUNCT _ 3 mean punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 10 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 blame nsubj 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 blame aux 12 hardly hardly ADV _ 13 blame advmod 13 blame blame VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 mean parataxis 14 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 blame obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 16 » » PUNCT _ 13 blame punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can hardly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not is present reasonable property tree rules 3 blame in a quote can You him = he hardly property vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
Example 1 These numbers have been a source of difference between the editors and copyists, hardly any two editors concurring. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
Sentence 1: These numbers have been a source of difference between the editors and copyists, hardly any two editors concurring.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj aux cop det case nmod case det nmod cc conj punct advmod det nummod conj acl punct root These DET numbers NOUN have AUX been AUX a DET source NOUN of ADP difference NOUN between ADP the DET editors NOUN and CCONJ copyists NOUN , PUNCT hardly ADV any DET two NUM editors NOUN concurring VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 These this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 numbers det 2 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 6 source nsubj 3 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 source aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 source cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 source det 6 source source NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 difference case 8 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 6 source nmod 9 between between ADP _ 11 editors case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 editors det 11 editors editor NOUN Number=Plur 8 difference nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 copyists cc 13 copyists copyist NOUN Number=Plur 11 editors conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 editors punct 15 hardly hardly ADV _ 18 editors advmod 16 any any DET PronType=Ind 18 editors det 17 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 editors nummod 18 editors editor NOUN Number=Plur 11 editors conj 19 concurring concur VERB VerbForm=Ger 18 editors acl 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 source punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present · perfect this numbers a source of difference between the editors and copyists and any two editors tree rules 2 concur gerund any two editors not said here vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Westcott PROPN 1893 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Westcott punct 5 Westcott Westcott PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1893 1893 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Westcott flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 must not be confused with Zain, Z ; and lastly Qoph, Q is very often replaced by K, which is hardly defensible as there is a true K in addition. ' 44. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
Sentence 1: must not be confused with Zain, Z ; and lastly Qoph, Q is very often replaced by K, which is hardly defensible as there is a true K in addition. '
The tree, 29 words aux advmod aux:pass case obl punct appos punct cc amod obl punct nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod advmod acl:relcl case obl punct nsubj cop advmod parataxis mark expl advcl det amod nsubj case nmod punct punct root must AUX not PART be AUX confused VERB with ADP Zain PROPN , PUNCT Z NOUN ; PUNCT and CCONJ lastly ADJ Qoph PROPN , PUNCT Q NOUN is AUX very ADV often ADV replaced VERB by ADP K PROPN , PUNCT which PRON is AUX hardly ADV defensible ADJ as SCONJ there PRON is VERB a DET true ADJ K NOUN in ADP addition NOUN . PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 confused aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 confused advmod 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 4 confused aux:pass 4 confused confuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 Zain case 6 Zain Zain PROPN Number=Sing 4 confused obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 Z punct 8 Z z NOUN Number=Sing 6 Zain appos 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 Qoph punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 Qoph cc 11 lastly lastly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Qoph amod 12 Qoph Qoph PROPN Number=Sing 4 confused obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 replaced punct 14 Q Q NOUN Number=Sing 18 replaced nsubj:pass 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 replaced aux:pass 16 very very ADV _ 17 often advmod 17 often often ADV _ 18 replaced advmod 18 replaced replace VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 Qoph acl:relcl 19 by by ADP _ 20 K case 20 K K PROPN Number=Sing 18 replaced obl 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 defensible punct 22 which which PRON PronType=Rel 25 defensible nsubj 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 defensible cop 24 hardly hardly ADV _ 25 defensible advmod 25 defensible defensible ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Qoph parataxis 26 as as SCONJ _ 28 is mark 27 there there PRON PronType=Dem 28 is expl 28 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 defensible advcl 29 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 31 K det 30 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 31 K amod 31 K k NOUN Number=Sing 28 is nsubj 32 in in ADP _ 33 addition case 33 addition addition NOUN Number=Sing 31 K nmod 34 . . PUNCT _ 4 confused punct 35 ' ' PUNCT _ 4 confused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not confuse must · passive lastly Qoph with Zain vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: with zain=Co-Patient 2 replace present · passive K Q often property vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme 3 is present lastly Qoph defensible, hardly property tree rules 4 be present a true K in addition there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Sentence 2: 44.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 44 44 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 2 . . PUNCT _ 1 44 punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 3: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Westcott PROPN 1893 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Westcott punct 5 Westcott Westcott PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1893 1893 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Westcott flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 THERE is hardly another book in Jewish literature, the Bible and the Talmud excepted, that has been so much commented upon as the Sefer Yetzirah. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: THERE is hardly another book in Jewish literature, the Bible and the Talmud excepted, that has been so much commented upon as the Sefer Yetzirah.
The tree, 25 words expl advmod det nsubj case amod nmod punct det nsubj cc det conj parataxis punct obj aux aux:pass advmod advmod conj case case det compound obl punct root THERE PRON is VERB hardly ADV another DET book NOUN in ADP Jewish ADJ literature NOUN , PUNCT the DET Bible PROPN and CCONJ the DET Talmud PROPN excepted VERB , PUNCT that PRON has AUX been AUX so ADV much ADV commented VERB upon ADP as ADP the DET Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 THERE there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 2 is advmod 4 another another DET PronType=Ind 5 book det 5 book book NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 in in ADP _ 8 literature case 7 Jewish Jewish ADJ Degree=Pos 8 literature amod 8 literature literature NOUN Number=Sing 5 book nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 15 excepted punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Bible det 11 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 15 excepted nsubj 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 Talmud cc 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 Talmud det 14 Talmud Talmud PROPN Number=Sing 11 Bible conj 15 excepted except VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 is parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 22 commented punct 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 22 commented obj 18 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 commented aux 19 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 22 commented aux:pass 20 so so ADV _ 21 much advmod 21 much much ADV _ 22 commented advmod 22 commented comment VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 excepted conj 23 upon upon ADP _ 27 Yetzirah case 24 as as ADP _ 27 Yetzirah case 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 Yetzirah det 26 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 27 Yetzirah compound 27 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 22 commented obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present another book in Jewish literature there hardly property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 except past the Bible and the Talmud tree rules 3 comment speech: other present · perfect · passive the Bible and the Talmud not said here that upon the Sefer Yetzirah tree rules
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 words punct punct det appos case nmod cc conj case fixed nmod flat punct list punct root ( PUNCT Mordell PROPN , PUNCT The DET Origin PROPN of ADP Letters NOUN and CCONJ Numerals NOUN according VERB to ADP Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN ( PUNCT 1914 NUM )) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct 2 Mordell Mordell PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Origin punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Origin det 5 Origin Origin PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 Letters case 7 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 Origin nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Numerals cc 9 Numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 Letters conj 10 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 Sefer case 11 to to ADP _ 10 according fixed 12 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell nmod 13 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 12 Sefer flat 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 1914 punct 15 1914 1914 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Mordell list 16 )) )) PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Example 4 I could hardly see in the fog.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root I PRON could AUX hardly ADV see VERB in ADP the DET fog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 see nsubj 2 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 see aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 see advmod 4 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 fog case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fog det 7 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 4 see obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could I the fog hardly property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 We hardly ever go to the cinema.
nsubj advmod advmod case det obl punct root We PRON hardly ADV ever ADV go VERB to ADP the DET cinema NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 go nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 go advmod 3 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 4 go advmod 4 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 cinema case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cinema det 7 cinema cinema NOUN Number=Sing 4 go obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go infinitive We the cinema ever hardly property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to cinema=Initial_Location
Example 6 There is hardly any milk left.
expl advmod det nsubj acl punct root There PRON is VERB hardly ADV any DET milk NOUN left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 2 is advmod 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 5 milk det 5 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 6 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 milk acl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present any milk there hardly property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave participle any milk not said here vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 She had hardly started when the bell rang.
nsubj aux advmod advmod det nsubj advcl punct root She PRON had AUX hardly ADV started VERB when ADV the DET bell NOUN rang VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 started nsubj 2 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 started aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 started advmod 4 started start VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 rang advmod 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bell det 7 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 8 rang nsubj 8 rang ring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 started advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past · perfect She hardly property vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 ring past the bell vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 He hardly ate anything.
nsubj advmod obj punct root He PRON hardly ADV ate VERB anything PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 ate nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 3 ate advmod 3 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 ate obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 ate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat past He anything hardly property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient
Example 9 Hardly anyone came to the match.
advmod nsubj case det obl punct root Hardly ADV anyone PRON came VERB to ADP the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hardly hardly ADV _ 3 came advmod 2 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 match case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past anyone the match hardly property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to match=Initial_Location
Example 10 I can hardly believe it!
nsubj aux advmod obj punct root I PRON can AUX hardly ADV believe VERB it PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 believe nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 believe aux 3 hardly hardly ADV _ 4 believe advmod 4 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 believe obj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 believe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 believe can I it hardly property vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 11 He hardly knew himself, so changed was he.
nsubj advmod obj punct advmod ccomp cop obl punct root He PRON hardly ADV knew VERB himself PRON , PUNCT so ADV changed VERB was AUX he PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 knew nsubj 2 hardly hardly ADV _ 3 knew advmod 3 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 himself himself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 knew obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 changed punct 6 so so ADV _ 7 changed advmod 7 changed change VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 knew ccomp 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 he cop 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 changed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know past He himself = he hardly property tree rules 2 change participle vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a past he tree rules
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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