jest

Who acts: Lot, sons, He, jester, king, You · What happens: say, be, joke, not speak, not mean, go out · To what, where: joke, daughters, you, place, city, it · Speech: someone speaks here

«jest» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: jest in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: old or formal — kept apart, not parsed.

A joke or something said to be funny.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 joke	det
2	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 something	cc
4	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 joke	conj
5	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 something	acl
6	to	to	PART	_	8 funny	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 funny	cop
8	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 said	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 joke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	participle							vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	to-infinitive						funny property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To joke or speak not seriously.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 joke	mark
2	joke	joke	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 speak	cc
4	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 joke	conj
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 speak	advmod
6	seriously	seriously	ADV	_	4 speak	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 joke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	joke speech: other	to-infinitive							vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	not speak speech: other	infinitive						seriously property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

«in jest» — as a joke, not meant seriously.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 jest	punct
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 jest	case
3	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 joke	nsubj
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 jest	punct
5	—	-	PUNCT	_	8 joke	punct
6	as	as	ADP	_	8 joke	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 joke	det
8	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 meant	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 meant	advmod
11	meant	mean	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 joke	acl
12	seriously	seriously	ADV	_	11 meant	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 joke	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not mean	participle		a joke not said here				seriously property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Example 1

And Lot went out, and spoke unto his sons-in-law, who married his daughters, and said: 'Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy the city.' But he seemed unto his sons-in-law as one that jested. (Torah GEN.19.14, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And Lot went out, and spoke unto his sons-in-law, who married his daughters, and said: 'Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy the city.'

The tree, 32 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 went	cc
2	Lot	Lot	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 went	nsubj
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 went	compound:prt
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 spoke	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 spoke	cc
7	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 went	conj
8	unto	unto	ADP	_	10 sons	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 sons	nmod:poss
10	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 spoke	obl
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 law	punct
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 law	case
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 in	punct
14	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sons	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 married	punct
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 married	nsubj
17	married	marry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 sons	acl:relcl
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 daughters	nmod:poss
19	daughters	daughter	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 married	obj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 said	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 said	cc
22	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 went	conj
23	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 '	punct
24	'	'	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 said	ccomp
25	Up	up	ADP	_	24 '	compound:prt
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 get	punct
27	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 '	conj
28	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	27 get	obj
29	out	out	ADP	_	32 place	case
30	of	of	ADP	_	32 place	case
31	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	32 place	det
32	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 get	obl
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 destroy	punct
34	for	for	ADP	_	36 LORD	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 LORD	det
36	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 destroy	obl
37	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 destroy	aux
38	destroy	destroy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 went	parataxis
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 city	det
40	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 destroy	obj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	38 destroy	punct
42	'	'	PUNCT	_	38 destroy	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	go out	past	Lot				vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	speak speech: other	past	Lot not said here			unto Lot's sons and law	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	marry	past	Lot's sons and law	Lot's daughters			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient
4	say speech: assert	past	Lot not said here				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	' up	infinitive					tree rules
6	get	infinitive		you	this place		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus
7	destroy	future		the city		for the LORD	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient

Sentence 2: But he seemed unto his sons-in-law as one that jested.

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	3 seemed	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 seemed	nsubj
3	seemed	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	unto	unto	ADP	_	6 sons	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 sons	nmod:poss
6	sons	son	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 seemed	obl
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 law	punct
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 law	case
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 in	punct
10	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sons	conj
11	as	as	ADP	_	12 one	case
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 seemed	obl
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 jested	nsubj
14	jested	jest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 one	acl:relcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 seemed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seem	past	Lot					unto Lot's sons and law; as one	vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
2	jest speech: other	past							vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: (Torah GEN.19.14, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.19.14	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.19.14	compound
3	GEN.19.14	GEN.19.14	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.19.14	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.19.14	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

He said it in jest, so don't be upset.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	nsubj
2	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 said	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 jest	case
5	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 said	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 upset	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 upset	advmod
8	do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	11 upset	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 upset	advmod
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 upset	cop
11	upset	upset	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 said	parataxis
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	He	it		jest			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent it=Theme in jest=Manner
2	not is	infinitive · do-support						upset property	tree rules

Example 3

The jester made a jest about the king's crown.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 jester	det
2	jester	jester	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 jest	det
5	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obj
6	about	about	ADP	_	10 crown	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 king	det
8	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 crown	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 king	case
10	crown	crown	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the jester	a jest				about the king's crown	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jest=Product
2	crown		the king						nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 4

«You jest!» said the queen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 jest	punct
2	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 jest	nsubj
3	jest	jest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 said	ccomp
4	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 jest	punct
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 jest	punct
6	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 queen	det
8	queen	queen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 said	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jest speech: other in a quote	present	You						vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: express	past	the queen						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Example 5

Many a true word is spoken in jest.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spoken	nsubj:pass
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 word	det
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 word	amod
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spoken	nsubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 spoken	aux:pass
6	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 jest	case
8	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spoken	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 spoken	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present · passive		Many		jest			tree rules

Example 6

They jested about the teacher's funny hat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 jested	nsubj
2	jested	jest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	about	about	ADP	_	8 hat	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 teacher	det
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hat	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 teacher	case
7	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hat	amod
8	hat	hat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 jested	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 jested	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jest speech: other	past	They					about the teacher's funny hat	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about hat=Topic

Example 7

It was only a jest.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 jest	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 jest	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 jest	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 jest	det
5	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 jest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a jest					tree rules

Example 8

"Sure, you do but jest," said Tom.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 do	punct
2	Sure	sure	INTJ	_	5 do	discourse
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Sure	punct
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 do	nsubj
5	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 said	ccomp
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 jest	cc
7	jest	jest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 do	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 do	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 do	punct
10	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 said	nsubj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	do in a quote	present	you	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	jest speech: other in a quote	infinitive	you not said here	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	say speech: assert	past	Tom	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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