jonah

Who acts: Jonah, prophet, great fish, God, it, great storm · What happens: be, run away, swallow, spat out, preach, command · To what, where: prophet, Bible, command, land, city, person · Speech: someone speaks here

«jonah» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: jonah in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

Jonah is a prophet in the Bible who ran away from God's command, was swallowed by a great fish, and after three days was spat out on land; then he preached in the city of Nineveh.

The tree, 37 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 prophet	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 prophet	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 prophet	det
4	prophet	prophet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Bible	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Bible	det
7	Bible	Bible	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 prophet	nmod
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 ran	nsubj
9	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 prophet	parataxis
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 ran	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 command	case
12	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 command	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 God	case
14	command	command	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ran	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 swallowed	punct
16	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 swallowed	aux:pass
17	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 ran	parataxis
18	by	by	ADP	_	21 fish	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 fish	det
20	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 fish	amod
21	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 swallowed	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 spat	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 spat	cc
24	after	after	ADP	_	26 days	case
25	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 days	nummod
26	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 spat	obl
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 spat	aux:pass
28	spat	spat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 swallowed	conj
29	out	out	ADP	_	28 spat	compound:prt
30	on	on	ADP	_	31 land	case
31	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 spat	obl
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 preached	punct
33	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	35 preached	advmod
34	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 preached	nsubj
35	preached	preach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 prophet	conj
36	in	in	ADP	_	38 city	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 city	det
38	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 preached	obl
39	of	of	ADP	_	40 Nineveh	case
40	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	Number=Sing	38 city	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 prophet	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Jonah	a prophet	the Bible			tree rules
2	run away	past	a prophet		God's command		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from command=Trajectory
3	swallow	past · passive	a great fish					vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	spat out	past · passive	a great fish not said here		land	day		vn battle-36.4 «NP V»
5	preach speech: other	past	Jonah		the city of Nineveh	then		vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	command		God					nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: informal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

A jonah is a person thought to bring bad luck, especially on a ship.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 jonah	det
2	jonah	jonah	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 person	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 person	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 person	acl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 bring	mark
8	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 thought	xcomp
9	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 luck	amod
10	luck	luck	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bring	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 ship	punct
12	especially	especially	ADV	_	15 ship	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 ship	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 ship	det
15	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 luck	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 person	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	a jonah	a person	tree rules
2	think speech: other	participle		a person not said here	vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	bring	to-infinitive		bad luck and a ship	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent luck=Theme

Example 1

But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry. (Prophets JON.4.1, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	3 displeased	cc
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 displeased	nsubj
3	displeased	displease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 displeased	obj
5	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	_	3 displeased	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 angry	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 angry	cc
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 angry	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 angry	cop
10	angry	angry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 displeased	parataxis
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 displeased	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	displease	past	it	Jonah				exceedingly property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus jonah=Experiencer
2	is	past	Jonah					angry property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Prophets JON.4.1, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JON.4.1	JON.4.1	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JON.4.1	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JON.4.1	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

So Jonah was exceeding glad because of the gourd. (Prophets JON.4.6, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: So Jonah was exceeding glad because of the gourd.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	So	so	ADV	_	5 glad	advmod
2	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 glad	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 glad	cop
4	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 glad	amod
5	glad	glad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	9 gourd	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 because	fixed
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gourd	det
9	gourd	gourd	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 glad	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 glad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	gerund							vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	is	past	Jonah					because the gourd; glad property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Prophets JON.4.6, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JON.4.6	JON.4.6	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JON.4.6	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JON.4.6	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly. (Prophets JON.2.2, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish's belly.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 prayed	advmod
2	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 prayed	nsubj
3	prayed	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	unto	unto	ADP	_	8 God	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 God	det
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 God	amod
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 God	nmod:poss
8	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 prayed	obl
9	out	out	ADP	_	14 belly	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 belly	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fish	det
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 belly	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 fish	case
14	belly	belly	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prayed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 prayed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	past	Jonah			the fish's belly	then	unto Jonah's LORD God	vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Sentence 2: (Prophets JON.2.2, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JON.2.2	JON.2.2	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JON.2.2	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JON.2.2	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Jonah tried to sail away instead of going to Nineveh.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 tried	nsubj
2	tried	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 sail	mark
4	sail	sail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 tried	xcomp
5	away	away	ADV	_	4 sail	advmod
6	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	8 going	mark
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 instead	fixed
8	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 sail	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 Nineveh	case
10	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 going	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	try	past	Jonah			vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	sail away not said to happen	to-infinitive	Jonah not said here		away property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
3	go	gerund	Jonah not said here	Nineveh		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to nineveh=Initial_Location

Example 5

A great storm came, and the sailors threw Jonah into the sea.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 storm	det
2	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 storm	amod
3	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 threw	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 threw	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sailors	det
8	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 threw	nsubj
9	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 came	conj
10	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 threw	obj
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 threw	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 came	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	a great storm						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	throw	past	the sailors	Jonah				into the sea result	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer jonah=Theme into sea=Result

Example 6

Jonah stayed inside the fish for three days and nights.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stayed	nsubj
2	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	inside	inside	ADP	_	5 fish	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fish	det
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stayed	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 days	case
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 days	nummod
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stayed	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 nights	cc
10	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 days	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stayed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	past	Jonah				day	inside the fish	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside fish=Location

Example 7

Our class acted out Jonah and the whale with a paper fish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 class	nmod:poss
2	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 acted	nsubj
3	acted	act	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 acted	compound:prt
5	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 acted	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 whale	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 whale	det
8	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Jonah	conj
9	with	with	ADP	_	12 fish	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 fish	det
11	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fish	compound
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 acted	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 acted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act out	past	Our class	Jonah and the whale				with a paper fish	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent jonah=Eventuality

Example 8

God forgave the people of Nineveh, and Jonah was cross about it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 forgave	nsubj
2	forgave	forgive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 people	det
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 forgave	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 Nineveh	case
6	Nineveh	Nineveh	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 people	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cross	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 cross	cc
9	Jonah	Jonah	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 cross	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 cross	cop
11	cross	cross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 forgave	conj
12	about	about	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 cross	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 forgave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forgive	past	God	the people of Nineveh					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
2	is	past	Jonah					about it; cross property	tree rules

Example 9

The old sailors grumbled that the new cook was a jonah.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sailors	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sailors	amod
3	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 grumbled	nsubj
4	grumbled	grumble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 jonah	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cook	det
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cook	amod
8	cook	cook	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 jonah	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 jonah	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 jonah	det
11	jonah	jonah	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grumbled	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 grumbled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grumble speech: other	past	the old sailors						vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	the new cook	a jonah					tree rules

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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