lesser

Who acts: Lesser, God, bottom, breadth, you, lesser amount · What happens: mean, be, spot, name, make, rule · To what, where: smaller kind, animals, two great lights, greater light, lesser light, two cubits · Speech: someone speaks here

«lesser» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lesser in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Lesser means smaller in amount or size: the lesser of two numbers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	xcomp
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 amount	case
5	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 smaller	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 size	cc
7	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 amount	conj
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 lesser	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lesser	det
10	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	parataxis
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 numbers	case
12	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 numbers	nummod
13	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 lesser	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Lesser					small property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Lesser means less important or not as good: a lesser prize.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 important	advmod
4	important	important	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	ccomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 good	cc
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 good	advmod
7	as	as	ADV	_	8 good	advmod
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 important	conj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 prize	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 prize	det
11	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 prize	amod
12	prize	prize	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	parataxis
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Lesser						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

«The lesser of two evils» is the less bad of two bad choices.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 lesser	punct
2	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lesser	det
3	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 bad	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 evils	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 evils	nummod
6	evils	evil	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lesser	obl
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 lesser	punct
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 bad	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bad	det
10	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 bad	amod
11	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 choices	case
13	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 choices	nummod
14	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 choices	amod
15	choices	choice	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 bad	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 bad	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the lesser					of two bad choices; bad property	tree rules

Meaning 4

In names of animals and plants, lesser means the smaller kind: the lesser spotted woodpecker.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 names	case
2	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 means	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 animals	case
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 names	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 plants	cc
6	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 animals	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 lesser	punct
8	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 animals	amod
9	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 kind	det
11	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 kind	amod
12	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 means	obj
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 lesser	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 lesser	det
15	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 means	conj
16	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 woodpecker	amod
17	woodpecker	woodpecker	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lesser	nsubj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the smaller kind	in names of animals and plants	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot kind=Theme in name=Attribute
2	spot	participle			vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
3	name		animals and plants		nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 1

And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars. (Torah GEN.1.16, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars.

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 made	cc
2	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 lights	det
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 lights	nummod
6	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lights	amod
7	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obj
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 light	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 light	det
10	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 light	amod
11	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 rule	mark
13	rule	rule	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 light	acl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 day	det
15	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rule	obl:unmarked
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 light	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 light	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 light	det
19	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 light	amod
20	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 light	conj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 rule	mark
22	rule	rule	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 light	acl
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 night	det
24	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 rule	obl:unmarked
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 stars	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 stars	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 stars	det
28	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	God	the two great lights		the greater light and the lesser light obl; the stars obl	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product
2	rule	to-infinitive	God not said here	the greater light and the lesser light not said here	day		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	rule	to-infinitive	God not said here	the lesser light not said here	night		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.1.16, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.16	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.16	compound
3	GEN.1.16	GEN.1.16	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.1.16	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.1.16	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And from the bottom upon the ground to the lower settle shall be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit; and from the lesser settle to the greater settle shall be four cubits, and the breadth a cubit. (Prophets EZK.43.14, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And from the bottom upon the ground to the lower settle shall be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit; and from the lesser settle to the greater settle shall be four cubits, and the breadth a cubit.

The tree, 38 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	4 bottom	cc
2	from	from	ADP	_	4 bottom	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bottom	det
4	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cubits	nsubj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 ground	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ground	det
7	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bottom	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 settle	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 settle	det
10	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 settle	amod
11	settle	settle	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ground	nmod
12	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 cubits	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 cubits	cop
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 cubits	nummod
15	cubits	cubit	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 cubit	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 cubit	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 breadth	det
19	breadth	breadth	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cubit	nsubj
20	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 cubit	nummod
21	cubit	cubit	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cubits	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 settle	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 settle	cc
24	from	from	ADP	_	27 settle	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 settle	det
26	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 settle	amod
27	settle	settle	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 cubits	appos
28	to	to	ADP	_	31 settle	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 settle	det
30	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	31 settle	amod
31	settle	settle	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 settle	nmod
32	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	35 cubits	aux
33	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	35 cubits	cop
34	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	35 cubits	nummod
35	cubits	cubit	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 settle	nmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 breadth	punct
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 breadth	cc
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 breadth	det
39	breadth	breadth	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 settle	conj
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 cubit	det
41	cubit	cubit	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 breadth	obj
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 cubits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	shall	the bottom upon the ground to the lower settle	two cubits and one cubit	tree rules
2	cubit		the breadth		tree rules
3	is a	shall		four cubits	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Prophets EZK.43.14, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	EZK.43.14	EZK.43.14	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 EZK.43.14	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 EZK.43.14	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Which is the lesser number, 34 or 43?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 number	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 number	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 number	det
4	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 number	amod
5	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 34	punct
7	34	34	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 number	appos
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 43	cc
9	43	43	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 34	conj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 number	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the lesser number					tree rules

Example 4

Subtract the lesser number from the greater.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Subtract	subtract	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
3	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 number	amod
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Subtract	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 greater	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 greater	det
7	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Subtract	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Subtract	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subtract	imperative	you not said here	the lesser number				from the greater	vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent number=Theme from great=Co-Theme

Example 5

The lesser amount is 12.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 amount	det
2	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 amount	amod
3	amount	amount	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 12	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 12	cop
5	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 12	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the lesser amount	12					tree rules

Example 6

Choose the lesser of the two prices.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Choose	choose	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lesser	det
3	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Choose	xcomp
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 prices	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 prices	det
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 prices	nummod
7	prices	price	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lesser	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Choose	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	imperative	you not said here					less property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 7

Staying home was the lesser of two evils.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 lesser	csubj
2	home	home	ADV	_	1 Staying	advmod
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lesser	cop
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lesser	det
5	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 evils	case
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 evils	nummod
8	evils	evil	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lesser	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 lesser	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	gerund						home property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past	Staying					of two evils; less property	tree rules

Example 8

He won a lesser prize at the science fair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 won	nsubj
2	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 prize	det
4	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 prize	amod
5	prize	prize	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 science	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 science	det
8	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obl
9	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 won	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 won	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	past	He	a lesser prize		the science			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent prize=Theme at science=Asset

Example 9

The lesser panda is also called the red panda.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 panda	det
2	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 panda	amod
3	panda	panda	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 called	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 called	aux:pass
5	also	also	ADV	_	6 called	advmod
6	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 panda	det
8	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 panda	amod
9	panda	panda	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 called	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present · passive		the lesser panda					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Example 10

To a lesser degree, the cold also hurt the crops.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	ADP	_	4 degree	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 degree	det
3	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 degree	amod
4	degree	degree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hurt	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 degree	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cold	det
7	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hurt	nsubj
8	also	also	ADV	_	9 hurt	advmod
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 crops	det
11	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 hurt	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 hurt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	past	the cold	the crops				to a lesser degree	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer crop=Patient

Example 11

There were two festivals of this name, the Lesser and the Greater Panathenaea.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 were	expl
2	were	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 festivals	nummod
4	festivals	festival	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 were	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 name	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 name	det
7	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 festivals	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Lesser	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Lesser	det
10	Lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 festivals	parataxis
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Greater	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Greater	det
13	Greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 Lesser	conj
14	Panathenaea	Panathenaea	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Greater	flat
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 were	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	two festivals of this name			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/L/lesser/