mathematics

Who acts: logic, school subject, calculations, Mordell, Miller, view · What happens: connect, study, teach, reason, know, use · To what, where: measurements, numbers, this, Babylonia, position, higher mathematics · Speech: someone speaks here

«mathematics» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: mathematics in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, patterns and measurements, and the logic connecting them.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 study	det
2	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 numbers	case
4	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 study	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 quantities	punct
6	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numbers	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 shapes	punct
8	shapes	shape	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numbers	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 patterns	punct
10	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numbers	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 measurements	cc
12	measurements	measurement	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 numbers	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 logic	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 logic	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 logic	det
16	logic	logic	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 study	conj
17	connecting	connect	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 logic	acl
18	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 connecting	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	connect	gerund	the logic not said here	measurements = measurement					vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
2	study			numbers and quantities and shapes and patterns and measurements					nom study «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

The school subject that teaches this.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 subject	det
2	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 subject	compound
3	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 teaches	nsubj
5	teaches	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 subject	acl:relcl
6	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 teaches	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 subject	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	teach speech: other	present	the school subject	this					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient

Meaning 3

The calculations or reasoning involved in something, as in «the mathematics of the problem».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 calculations	det
2	calculations	calculation	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reasoning	nsubj
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 reasoning	cc
4	reasoning	reason	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	involved	involved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reasoning	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 something	case
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 involved	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 mathematics	punct
9	as	as	ADP	_	13 mathematics	case
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 mathematics	case
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 mathematics	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 mathematics	det
13	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reasoning	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 problem	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 problem	det
16	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mathematics	nmod
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 mathematics	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reasoning	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reason	gerund	the calculations					as the mathematics of the problem; involved property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 1

Although tlie sexagesimal position was anciently known in Babylonia, yet it was used only, in higher mathematics, as in (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Although	although	SCONJ	_	4 position	case
2	tlie	tlie	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sexagesimal	compound
3	sexagesimal	sexagesimal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 position	compound
4	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 known	obl
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 known	aux:pass
6	anciently	anciently	ADV	_	7 known	advmod
7	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Babylonia	case
9	Babylonia	Babylonia	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 known	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 used	punct
11	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	14 used	cc
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 used	nsubj:pass
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 used	aux:pass
14	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 known	conj
15	only	only	ADV	_	14 used	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 mathematics	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 mathematics	case
18	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 mathematics	amod
19	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 used	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 Mordell	punct
21	as	as	ADP	_	24 Mordell	case
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 Mordell	case
23	(	(	PUNCT	_	24 Mordell	punct
24	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 used	obl:agent
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 Origin	punct
26	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Origin	det
27	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Mordell	conj
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 Letters	case
29	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 Origin	nmod
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 Numerals	cc
31	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 Letters	conj
32	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	34 Sefer	case
33	to	to	ADP	_	32 according	fixed
34	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 Letters	nmod
35	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 Sefer	flat
36	(	(	PUNCT	_	37 1914	punct
37	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 Mordell	list
38	))	))	PUNCT	_	37 1914	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	know	past · passive			Babylonia	although sexagesimal position; anciently property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»
2	use	past · passive	Mordell and the Origin of Letters accord Sefer and Numerals	position	higher mathematics		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
3	accord	gerund					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 2

Miller calls attention to the recent change of view in reference to several im- portant qnestions in the history of elementary mathematics. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

Sentence 1: Miller calls attention to the recent change of view in reference to several im- portant qnestions in the history of elementary mathematics.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Miller	Miller	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 calls	nsubj
2	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	attention	attention	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 calls	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 change	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 change	det
6	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 change	amod
7	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 calls	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 view	case
9	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 change	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 reference	case
11	reference	reference	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 view	nmod
12	to	to	ADP	_	17 qnestions	case
13	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 qnestions	amod
14	im	im	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 portant	amod
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 im	punct
16	portant	portant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 qnestions	amod
17	qnestions	qnestion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 calls	obl
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 history	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 history	det
20	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 qnestions	nmod
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 mathematics	case
22	elementary	elementary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 mathematics	amod
23	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 history	nmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 calls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present	Miller	attention	the recent change of view in reference			to several portant qnestions in the history of elementary mathematics	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent attention=Topic to change=Recipient
2	change		view in reference						nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent

Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

The tree, 12 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Origin	punct
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Origin	det
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	appos
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Letters	case
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Origin	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Numerals	cc
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 Letters	conj
10	according	accord	VERB	ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 Sefer	case
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 according	fixed
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Mordell	nmod
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Sefer	flat
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 1914	punct
15	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 Mordell	list
16	))	))	PUNCT	_	2 Mordell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accord	gerund							vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

Example 3

Mathematics is my favourite subject.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 subject	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 subject	cop
3	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 subject	nmod:poss
4	favourite	favourite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 subject	amod
5	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 subject	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Mathematics	my favourite subject					tree rules

Example 4

We have mathematics every morning.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 mathematics	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 mathematics	aux
3	mathematics	mathematics	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 morning	det
5	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mathematics	obl:unmarked
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mathematics	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mathematics	present · perfect	We				morning		tree rules

Example 5

Mathematics helps us understand patterns in nature.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 helps	obj
4	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	xcomp
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 understand	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 nature	case
7	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 understand	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Mathematics	us					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	understand	infinitive	us not said here	patterns		nature			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer pattern=Stimulus

Example 6

My sister wants to study mathematics at university.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 sister	nmod:poss
2	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wants	nsubj
3	wants	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 study	mark
5	study	study	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 wants	xcomp
6	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 study	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 university	case
8	university	university	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 study	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wants	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	My sister						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	study not said to happen	to-infinitive	My sister not said here	mathematics		university			vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Topic

Example 7

The mathematics behind the game is quite simple.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mathematics	det
2	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 simple	nsubj
3	behind	behind	ADP	_	5 game	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 game	det
5	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mathematics	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 simple	cop
7	quite	quite	ADV	_	8 simple	advmod
8	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 simple	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the mathematics behind the game					simple property	tree rules

Example 8

Builders use mathematics to measure and plan.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Builders	builder	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 use	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 measure	mark
5	measure	measure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 use	advcl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 plan	cc
7	plan	plan	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 measure	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	use	present	Builders	mathematics	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mathematics=Patient
2	measure	to-infinitive	Builders not said here		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
3	plan	infinitive	Builders not said here		vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Example 9

Mathematics is the same in every language: 3 × 4 is always 12.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mathematics	mathematics	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 same	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 same	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 same	det
4	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 language	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 language	det
7	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 same	obl
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 3	punct
9	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 12	nsubj
10	×	×	SYM	_	11 4	case
11	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 3	nmod
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 12	cop
13	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	14 12	advmod
14	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 same	parataxis
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 same	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Mathematics			every language		same property	tree rules
2	is a	present	3 × 4	12				always property	tree rules

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/M/mathematics/