offend Who acts: you, smell, I, rude joke, His, Bright lights · What happens: make, hurt, say, do, seem, offend · To what, where: someone, nose, law, crime, any, chastisement · Speech: someone speaks here
«offend» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: offend in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 To make someone upset, hurt or annoyed by what you say or do.
The tree, 13 words mark obj xcomp punct conj cc conj case obl nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct root To PART make VERB someone PRON upset ADJ , PUNCT hurt VERB or CCONJ annoyed ADJ by ADP what PRON you PRON say VERB or CCONJ do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 make mark 2 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 make obj 4 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 2 make xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 hurt punct 6 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 upset conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 annoyed cc 8 annoyed annoyed ADJ Degree=Pos 4 upset conj 9 by by ADP _ 10 what case 10 what what PRON PronType=Rel 8 annoyed obl 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 say nsubj 12 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 what acl:relcl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 do cc 14 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 say conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make to-infinitive someone upset property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product 2 hurt participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 say speech: assert present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 do present you not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To seem nasty or unpleasant to someone's senses: «The smell offended my nose.».
The tree, 14 words mark advcl xcomp cc conj case nmod:poss case obl punct punct det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct punct punct root To PART seem VERB nasty ADJ or CCONJ unpleasant ADJ to ADP someone PRON 's PART senses NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET smell NOUN offended VERB my PRON nose NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 seem mark 2 seem seem VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 offended advcl 3 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 2 seem xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 unpleasant cc 5 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 3 nasty conj 6 to to ADP _ 9 senses case 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 senses nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 someone case 9 senses sens NOUN Number=Plur 5 unpleasant obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 offended punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 offended punct 12 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 smell det 13 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 14 offended nsubj 14 offended offend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 15 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 nose nmod:poss 16 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 14 offended obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 14 offended punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 14 offended punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 14 offended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seem to-infinitive the smell not said here nasty property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 2 offend in a quote past the smell my nose vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus nose=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To break a law or rule; to commit a crime.
mark advcl det obj cc conj punct mark det obj punct root To PART break VERB a DET law NOUN or CCONJ rule NOUN ; PUNCT to PART commit VERB a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 commit advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 law det 4 law law NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 rule cc 6 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 4 law conj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 commit punct 8 to to PART _ 9 commit mark 9 commit commit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 crime det 11 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing 9 commit obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 commit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive a law or rule vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient 2 commit to-infinitive a crime vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crime=Theme
Example 1 For hath any said unto God: 'I have borne chastisement, though I offend not; (Writings JOB.34.31, JPS 1917)
The tree, 18 words case obj acl case obl punct punct nsubj aux conj obj punct mark nsubj conj advmod punct punct parataxis appos punct flat flat punct root For ADP hath VERB any DET said VERB unto ADP God PROPN : PUNCT ' PUNCT I PRON have AUX borne VERB chastisement NOUN , PUNCT though SCONJ I PRON offend VERB not PART ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Writings NOUN JOB.34.31 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for ADP _ 2 hath case 2 hath have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 any any DET PronType=Ind 2 hath obj 4 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 any acl 5 unto unto ADP _ 6 God case 6 God God PROPN Number=Sing 4 said obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 borne punct 8 ' ' PUNCT _ 11 borne punct 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 borne nsubj 10 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 borne aux 11 borne bear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 hath conj 12 chastisement chastisement NOUN Number=Sing 11 borne obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 offend punct 14 though though SCONJ _ 16 offend mark 15 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 16 offend nsubj 16 offend offend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 borne conj 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 offend advmod 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 Writings punct 19 ( ( PUNCT _ 20 Writings punct 20 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur 2 hath parataxis 21 JOB.34.31 JOB.34.31 PROPN Number=Sing 20 Writings appos 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 JPS punct 23 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 21 JOB.34.31 flat 24 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 21 JOB.34.31 flat 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 20 Writings punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present any vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Patient 2 say speech: assert participle unto God vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 bear present · perfect I chastisement vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chastisement=Patient 4 not offend present I vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 I'm sorry, I didn't mean to offend you.
nsubj cop punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis mark xcomp obj punct root I PRON 'm AUX sorry ADJ , PUNCT I PRON did AUX n't PART mean VERB to PART offend VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 sorry nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 sorry cop 3 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 mean punct 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 mean nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 mean aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 mean advmod 8 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 sorry parataxis 9 to to PART _ 10 offend mark 10 offend offend VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 mean xcomp 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 offend obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 sorry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I sorry property tree rules 2 not mean past · do-support I vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 offend not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer
Example 3 His rude joke offended lots of people.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj case nmod punct root His PRON rude ADJ joke NOUN offended VERB lots NOUN of ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 joke nmod:poss 2 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 3 joke amod 3 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 4 offended nsubj 4 offended offend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 4 offended obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 people case 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 lots nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 offended punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 offend past His rude joke lots of people vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus lot=Experiencer 2 joke His = he nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Bright lights offend my eyes at night.
amod nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Bright ADJ lights NOUN offend VERB my PRON eyes NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 2 lights amod 2 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 3 offend nsubj 3 offend offend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 eyes nmod:poss 5 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 3 offend obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 night case 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 3 offend obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 offend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 offend present Bright lights my eyes night vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer
Example 5 The thief promised he would never offend again.
det nsubj nsubj aux advmod ccomp advmod punct root The DET thief NOUN promised VERB he PRON would AUX never ADV offend VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 thief det 2 thief thief NOUN Number=Sing 3 promised nsubj 3 promised promise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 offend nsubj 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 offend aux 6 never never ADV PronType=Neg 7 offend advmod 7 offend offend VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 promised ccomp 8 again again ADV _ 7 offend advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 promised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 promise speech: promise past the thief vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 not offend would thief again vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 Try not to offend your friends by laughing at them.
advmod mark xcomp nmod:poss obj mark advcl case obl punct root Try VERB not PART to PART offend VERB your PRON friends NOUN by SCONJ laughing VERB at ADP them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Try try VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 offend advmod 3 to to PART _ 4 offend mark 4 offend offend VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Try xcomp 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 friends nmod:poss 6 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 4 offend obj 7 by by SCONJ _ 8 laughing mark 8 laughing laugh VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 offend advcl 9 at at ADP _ 10 them case 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 laughing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Try punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 try imperative you not said here vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 not offend not said to happen to-infinitive you not said here your friends vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus friend=Experiencer 3 laugh gerund you not said here at friends = friend vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Some words can offend people from other countries.
det nsubj aux obj case amod obl punct root Some DET words NOUN can AUX offend VERB people NOUN from ADP other ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 words det 2 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 offend nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 offend aux 4 offend offend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 offend obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 countries case 7 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 countries amod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 4 offend obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 offend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 offend can some words people other countries vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer
Example 8 If there is anything in it that you are afraid may offend me, take courage, for I pardon you beforehand.
The tree, 20 words mark expl advcl nsubj case nmod mark nsubj cop acl:relcl aux ccomp obj punct obj punct mark nsubj conj obj advmod punct root If SCONJ there PRON is VERB anything PRON in ADP it PRON that SCONJ you PRON are AUX afraid ADJ may AUX offend VERB me PRON , PUNCT take VERB courage NOUN , PUNCT for SCONJ I PRON pardon VERB you PRON beforehand ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 is mark 2 there there PRON PronType=Dem 3 is expl 3 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 take advcl 4 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 is nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 6 it case 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 anything nmod 7 that that SCONJ _ 10 afraid mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 afraid nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 afraid cop 10 afraid afraid ADJ Degree=Pos 4 anything acl:relcl 11 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 offend aux 12 offend offend VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 afraid ccomp 13 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 offend obj 14 , , PUNCT _ 3 is punct 15 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 16 courage courage NOUN Number=Sing 15 take obj 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 pardon punct 18 for for SCONJ _ 20 pardon mark 19 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 20 pardon nsubj 20 pardon pardon VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 take conj 21 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 pardon obj 22 beforehand beforehand ADV _ 20 pardon advmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 15 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be a condition, not said to happen present anything there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present you afraid property tree rules 3 offend may you not said here me vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 4 take imperative you not said here courage vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme 5 pardon present I you beforehand property vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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