pale Who acts: Pale, skin, someone, pale colour, Pale light, LORD · What happens: describe, have, be, not be, mean, become · To what, where: face, less colour, LORD, Abraham, house, spider · Speech: someone speaks here
«pale» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: pale in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Pale describes a face or skin that has less colour than usual, often because someone is ill, scared or shocked.
The tree, 20 words nsubj det obj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl amod obj case nmod punct advmod mark nsubj cop parataxis punct conj cc conj punct root Pale NOUN describes VERB a DET face NOUN or CCONJ skin NOUN that PRON has VERB less ADJ colour NOUN than ADP usual ADJ , PUNCT often ADV because SCONJ someone PRON is AUX ill ADJ , PUNCT scared ADJ or CCONJ shocked ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pale pale NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 face det 4 face face NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 skin cc 6 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 4 face conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 has nsubj 8 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 skin acl:relcl 9 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 10 colour amod 10 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 8 has obj 11 than than ADP _ 12 usual case 12 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 10 colour nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 ill punct 14 often often ADV _ 18 ill advmod 15 because because SCONJ _ 18 ill mark 16 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 18 ill nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 ill cop 18 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 2 describes parataxis 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 scared punct 20 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 18 ill conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 shocked cc 22 shocked shocked ADJ Degree=Pos 18 ill conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Pale a face or skin vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent face=Theme 2 have present skin less colour than usual vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient 3 is present someone ill, often property tree rules 4 be someone not said here tree rules 5 be someone not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A pale colour is light and soft, not strong or dark, like pale blue.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj cop cc conj punct advmod parataxis cc conj punct case amod conj punct root A DET pale ADJ colour NOUN is AUX light ADJ and CCONJ soft ADJ , PUNCT not PART strong ADJ or CCONJ dark ADJ , PUNCT like ADP pale ADJ blue ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 colour det 2 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 3 colour amod 3 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 light nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 light cop 5 light light ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 soft cc 7 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 5 light conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 strong punct 9 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 strong advmod 10 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 5 light parataxis 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 dark cc 12 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 10 strong conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 blue punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 blue case 15 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 16 blue amod 16 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 5 light conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 light punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a pale colour light property tree rules 2 be a pale colour not said here tree rules 3 be a pale colour not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Pale light is weak, not bright.
amod nsubj cop punct advmod conj punct root Pale ADJ light NOUN is AUX weak ADJ , PUNCT not PART bright ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 2 light amod 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 weak nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 weak cop 4 weak weak ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 bright punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 bright advmod 7 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 4 weak conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 weak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Pale light weak property tree rules 2 not be Pale light not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 To pale means to become pale, or to seem less important next to something else.
The tree, 15 words mark nsubj mark xcomp xcomp punct cc mark parataxis advmod xcomp advmod case obl advmod punct root To PART pale ADJ means VERB to PART become VERB pale ADJ , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART seem VERB less ADV important ADJ next ADV to ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 pale mark 2 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 5 become xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 seem punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 seem cc 9 to to PART _ 10 seem mark 10 seem seem VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 11 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 12 important advmod 12 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 10 seem xcomp 13 next next ADV _ 10 seem advmod 14 to to ADP _ 15 something case 15 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 next obl 16 else else ADV _ 15 something advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present pale vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 become not said to happen to-infinitive pale not said here pale property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 3 seem to-infinitive important, next property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 Beyond the pale means very bad or not acceptable.
case det nsubj advmod xcomp cc advmod conj punct root Beyond ADP the DET pale ADJ means VERB very ADV bad ADJ or CCONJ not PART acceptable ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Beyond beyond ADP _ 3 pale case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pale det 3 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 4 means nsubj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 very very ADV _ 6 bad advmod 6 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 means xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 acceptable cc 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 acceptable advmod 9 acceptable acceptable ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bad conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the pale bad property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Therefore thus saith the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob: Jacob shall not now be ashamed, neither shall his face now wax pale; (Prophets ISA.29.22, JPS 1917)
The tree, 30 words advmod advmod det obj punct nsubj acl:relcl obj punct advcl det obj case nmod punct nsubj aux advmod advmod cop parataxis punct cc:preconj aux nmod:poss obl advmod conj amod punct punct obl appos punct flat flat punct root Therefore ADV thus ADV saith VERB the DET LORD PROPN , PUNCT who PRON redeemed VERB Abraham PROPN , PUNCT concerning VERB the DET house NOUN of ADP Jacob PROPN : PUNCT Jacob PROPN shall AUX not PART now ADV be AUX ashamed ADJ , PUNCT neither CCONJ shall AUX his PRON face NOUN now ADV wax NOUN pale ADJ ; PUNCT ( PUNCT Prophets NOUN ISA.29.22 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Therefore therefore ADV _ 3 saith advmod 2 thus thus ADV _ 3 saith advmod 3 saith say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 LORD det 5 LORD LORD PROPN Number=Sing 3 saith obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 redeemed punct 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 redeemed nsubj 8 redeemed redeem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 LORD acl:relcl 9 Abraham Abraham PROPN Number=Sing 8 redeemed obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 concerning punct 11 concerning concern VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 redeemed advcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 house det 13 house house NOUN Number=Sing 11 concerning obj 14 of of ADP _ 15 Jacob case 15 Jacob Jacob PROPN Number=Sing 13 house nmod 16 : : PUNCT _ 22 ashamed punct 17 Jacob Jacob PROPN Number=Sing 22 ashamed nsubj 18 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 ashamed aux 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 22 ashamed advmod 20 now now ADV PronType=Dem 22 ashamed advmod 21 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 22 ashamed cop 22 ashamed ashamed ADJ Degree=Pos 3 saith parataxis 23 , , PUNCT _ 27 face punct 24 neither neither CCONJ Polarity=Neg 27 face cc:preconj 25 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 27 face aux 26 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 27 face nmod:poss 27 face face NOUN Number=Sing 22 ashamed obl 28 now now ADV PronType=Dem 27 face advmod 29 wax wax NOUN Number=Sing 27 face conj 30 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 27 face amod 31 ; ; PUNCT _ 33 Prophets punct 32 ( ( PUNCT _ 33 Prophets punct 33 Prophets prophet NOUN Number=Plur 22 ashamed obl 34 ISA.29.22 ISA.29.22 PROPN Number=Sing 33 Prophets appos 35 , , PUNCT _ 36 JPS punct 36 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 34 ISA.29.22 flat 37 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 34 ISA.29.22 flat 38 ) ) PUNCT _ 22 ashamed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the LORD therefore, thus property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent lord=Topic 2 redeem past the LORD Abraham vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abraham=Theme 3 concern gerund the LORD not said here the house of Jacob vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus house=Experiencer 4 not is shall Jacob now Jacob's face and wax obl ; Prophets obl ; ashamed property tree rules
Example 2 You look pale; are you feeling all right?
nsubj xcomp punct aux nsubj advcl advmod xcomp punct root You PRON look VERB pale ADJ ; PUNCT are AUX you PRON feeling VERB all ADV right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 look nsubj 2 look look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 2 look xcomp 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 feeling punct 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 feeling aux 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 feeling nsubj 7 feeling feel VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 look advcl 8 all all ADV _ 9 right advmod 9 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 7 feeling xcomp 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present You pale property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 feel present · progressive you right property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 He went pale when he saw the spider.
nsubj xcomp advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root He PRON went VERB pale ADJ when ADV he PRON saw VERB the DET spider NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 2 went xcomp 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 saw advmod 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 saw nsubj 6 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 went advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 spider det 8 spider spider NOUN Number=Sing 6 saw obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past He pale property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 see past he the spider vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spider=Stimulus
Example 4 She painted her room pale yellow.
nsubj nmod:poss obj amod xcomp punct root She PRON painted VERB her PRON room NOUN pale ADJ yellow ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 painted nsubj 2 painted paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 room nmod:poss 4 room room NOUN Number=Sing 2 painted obj 5 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 6 yellow amod 6 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 2 painted xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 painted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint past She her room yellow property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent room=Destination
Example 5 The pale moon rose over the hills.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root The DET pale ADJ moon NOUN rose VERB over ADP the DET hills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 moon det 2 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 3 moon amod 3 moon moon NOUN Number=Sing 4 rose nsubj 4 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 over over ADP _ 7 hills case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hills det 7 hills hill NOUN Number=Plur 4 rose obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the pale moon the hills vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over hill=Location
Example 6 Add white paint to make the colour paler.
amod obj mark advcl det obj xcomp punct root Add VERB white ADJ paint NOUN to PART make VERB the DET colour NOUN paler ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 3 paint amod 3 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 1 Add obj 4 to to PART _ 5 make mark 5 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Add advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 colour det 7 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 8 paler pale ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 make xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert imperative you not said here white paint vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Patient 2 make to-infinitive you not said here the colour pale property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset colour=Product
Example 7 After the illness she was thin and pale.
case det obl nsubj cop cc conj punct root After ADP the DET illness NOUN she PRON was AUX thin ADJ and CCONJ pale ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 illness case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 illness det 3 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 6 thin obl 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 thin nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 thin cop 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 pale cc 8 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 6 thin conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 thin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past she after the illness thin property tree rules 2 be she not said here tree rules
Example 8 My drawing pales in comparison to yours.
nmod:poss compound case nmod case nmod punct root My PRON drawing NOUN pales NOUN in ADP comparison NOUN to ADP yours PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 pales nmod:poss 2 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 3 pales compound 3 pales pale NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 comparison case 5 comparison comparison NOUN Number=Sing 3 pales nmod 6 to to ADP _ 7 yours case 7 yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 comparison nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 pales punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 9 Kicking the dog was beyond the pale.
csubj det obj cop case det punct root Kicking VERB the DET dog NOUN was AUX beyond ADP the DET pale ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kicking kick VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 pale csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dog det 3 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 1 Kicking obj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 pale cop 5 beyond beyond ADP _ 7 pale case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 pale det 7 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 pale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kick gerund the dog vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent dog=Patient 2 is past Kicking pale property tree rules
Example 10 ‘Sylvia’s dear face is pale to-day.
punct nmod:poss case amod nsubj cop case punct obl punct root ‘ PUNCT Sylvia PROPN ’s PART dear ADJ face NOUN is AUX pale ADJ to ADP - PUNCT day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 7 pale punct 2 Sylvia Sylvia PROPN Number=Sing 5 face nmod:poss 3 ’s 's PART _ 2 Sylvia case 4 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 face amod 5 face face NOUN Number=Sing 7 pale nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pale cop 7 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 to to ADP _ 10 day case 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 to punct 10 day day NOUN Number=Sing 7 pale obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 pale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Sylvia's dear face day pale property tree rules
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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