particle Who acts: particle, particles, It, ice, Sunlight, dust particles · What happens: be, make, give up, go, mean, create · To what, where: small piece, tiny bits, science, matter, small word, grammar · Speech: someone speaks here
«particle» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: particle in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 A particle is a very small piece or bit of something: dust particles.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod cc conj case nmod punct compound conj punct root A DET particle NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV small ADJ piece NOUN or CCONJ bit NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT dust NOUN particles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 particle det 2 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 7 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 piece det 5 very very ADV _ 6 small advmod 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 piece amod 7 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 bit cc 9 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 7 piece conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 something case 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 bit nmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 particles punct 13 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 14 particles compound 14 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 11 something conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a particle a small piece or bit of something tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In science, particles are the tiny bits that all matter is made of, such as atoms and molecules.
The tree, 18 words case obl punct nsubj cop det amod obj det nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl obl punct case fixed parataxis cc conj punct root In ADP science NOUN , PUNCT particles NOUN are AUX the DET tiny ADJ bits NOUN that PRON all DET matter NOUN is AUX made VERB of ADP , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP atoms NOUN and CCONJ molecules NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 science case 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 bits obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 science punct 4 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 8 bits nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 bits cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bits det 7 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bits amod 8 bits bit NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 made obj 10 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 matter det 11 matter matter NOUN Number=Sing 13 made nsubj:pass 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 made aux:pass 13 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 bits acl:relcl 14 of of ADP _ 13 made obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 atoms punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 atoms case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 atoms atom NOUN Number=Plur 8 bits parataxis 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 molecules cc 20 molecules molecule NOUN Number=Plur 18 atoms conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 bits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present particles the tiny bits science tree rules 2 make present · passive all matter vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary that=Product
Meaning 3 In grammar, a particle is a small word like «up» in «give up» or «to» in «to go».
The tree, 18 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det amod case punct nmod punct mark punct parataxis compound:prt punct cc punct nsubj punct mark punct mark conj punct punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT a DET particle NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ word NOUN like ADP « PUNCT up ADP » PUNCT in SCONJ « PUNCT give VERB up ADP » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT to PART » PUNCT in SCONJ « PUNCT to PART go VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 9 word obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 particle det 5 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 9 word nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 word cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 word det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 word amod 9 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 like like ADP _ 12 up case 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 up punct 12 up up ADP _ 9 word nmod 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 up punct 14 in in SCONJ _ 16 give mark 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 give punct 16 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 word parataxis 17 up up ADP _ 16 give compound:prt 18 » » PUNCT _ 16 give punct 19 or or CCONJ _ 26 go cc 20 « « PUNCT _ 21 to punct 21 to to PART _ 26 go nsubj 22 » » PUNCT _ 21 to punct 23 in in SCONJ _ 26 go mark 24 « « PUNCT _ 26 go punct 25 to to PART _ 26 go mark 26 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 give conj 27 » » PUNCT _ 16 give punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 9 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a particle a small word grammar tree rules 2 give up in a quote infinitive vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 go in a quote to-infinitive vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 A particle can also mean any single thing or item, however small, as in every created particle.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj aux advmod det amod obj cc conj punct advmod conj punct case case det amod parataxis punct root A DET particle NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB any DET single ADJ thing NOUN or CCONJ item NOUN , PUNCT however ADV small ADJ , PUNCT as ADP in ADP every DET created VERB particle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 particle det 2 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 any any DET PronType=Ind 8 thing det 7 single single ADJ Degree=Pos 8 thing amod 8 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 item cc 10 item item NOUN Number=Sing 8 thing conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 small punct 12 however however ADV _ 13 small advmod 13 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mean conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 19 particle punct 15 as as ADP _ 19 particle case 16 in in ADP _ 19 particle case 17 every every DET PronType=Tot 19 particle det 18 created create VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 particle amod 19 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean parataxis 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a particle any single thing or item vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic 2 create participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 It is a particle like כּ, as; it is added the word מִין kind, denoting: as a kind of, like, as. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
Sentence 1: It is a particle like כּ, as; it is added the word מִין kind, denoting: as a kind of, like, as.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det case nmod punct mark punct nsubj:pass aux:pass acl det obj punct appos punct conj punct case det parataxis dep punct discourse punct advmod punct root It PRON is AUX a DET particle NOUN like ADP כּ NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX added VERB the DET word NOUN מִין PUNCT kind ADJ , PUNCT denoting VERB : PUNCT as ADP a DET kind NOUN of ADP , PUNCT like INTJ , PUNCT as ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 particle nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 particle cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 particle det 4 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 like like ADP _ 6 כּ case 6 כּ כּ NOUN Number=Sing 4 particle nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 added punct 8 as as SCONJ _ 12 added mark 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 added punct 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 added nsubj:pass 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 added aux:pass 12 added add VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 particle acl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 word det 14 word word NOUN Number=Sing 12 added obj 15 מִין מִין PUNCT _ 16 kind punct 16 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 14 word appos 17 , , PUNCT _ 18 denoting punct 18 denoting denote VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 kind conj 19 : : PUNCT _ 22 kind punct 20 as as ADP _ 22 kind case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 kind det 22 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 4 particle parataxis 23 of of ADP _ 22 kind dep 24 , , PUNCT _ 25 like punct 25 like like INTJ _ 22 kind discourse 26 , , PUNCT _ 25 like punct 27 as as ADV _ 25 like advmod 28 . . PUNCT _ 4 particle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a particle like כּ tree rules 2 add speech: assert present · passive a particle not said here כּ tree rules 3 denote gerund a particle not said here vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Kalisch PROPN 1877 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Kalisch punct 5 Kalisch Kalisch PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1877 1877 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Kalisch flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Everything is made of tiny particles.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod obl punct root Everything PRON is AUX made VERB of ADP tiny ADJ particles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 3 made nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 particles case 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 particles amod 6 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive Everything of tiny particles vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 3 In a solid, the particles are packed close together.
case det obl punct det nsubj aux:pass advmod advmod punct root In ADP a DET solid NOUN , PUNCT the DET particles NOUN are AUX packed VERB close ADV together ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 solid case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 solid det 3 solid solid NOUN Number=Sing 8 packed obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 solid punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 particles det 6 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 8 packed nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 packed aux:pass 8 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 close close ADV Degree=Pos 8 packed advmod 10 together together ADV _ 8 packed advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 packed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack present · passive the particles a solid close, together property vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in solid=Destination
Example 4 Particles in a gas move fast and spread out.
nsubj case det nmod advmod cc conj compound:prt punct root Particles NOUN in ADP a DET gas NOUN move VERB fast ADV and CCONJ spread VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 5 move nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 gas case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 gas det 4 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 1 Particles nmod 5 move move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 5 move advmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 spread cc 8 spread spread VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 move conj 9 out out ADP _ 8 spread compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present Particles in a gas fast property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 spread out infinitive Particles in a gas not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 When ice melts, its particles start to slide around.
mark nsubj advcl punct nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp advmod punct root When SCONJ ice NOUN melts VERB , PUNCT its PRON particles NOUN start VERB to PART slide VERB around ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 3 melts mark 2 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 melts nsubj 3 melts melt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 start advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 melts punct 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 particles nmod:poss 6 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 7 start nsubj 7 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to PART _ 9 slide mark 9 slide slide VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 start xcomp 10 around around ADV _ 9 slide advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt present ice vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 start present ice's particles vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 slide around to-infinitive ice's particles not said here around property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Sunlight shows dust particles floating in the air.
nsubj compound obj acl case det obl punct root Sunlight NOUN shows VERB dust NOUN particles NOUN floating VERB in ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 2 shows nsubj 2 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing 4 particles compound 4 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 2 shows obj 5 floating float VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 particles acl 6 in in ADP _ 8 air case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 air det 8 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 floating obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present Sunlight dust particles vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent particle=Recipient 2 float gerund dust particles not said here the air vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory
Example 7 Smoke has tiny particles that are bad for your lungs.
nsubj amod obj nsubj cop acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Smoke NOUN has VERB tiny ADJ particles NOUN that PRON are AUX bad ADJ for ADP your PRON lungs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 4 particles amod 4 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 bad nsubj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bad cop 7 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 particles acl:relcl 8 for for ADP _ 10 lungs case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 lungs nmod:poss 10 lungs lung NOUN Number=Plur 7 bad obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Smoke tiny particles vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent particle=Patient 2 is present tiny particles for your lungs; bad property tree rules
Example 8 There wasn't a particle of truth in his story.
expl advmod det nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON was VERB n't PART a DET particle NOUN of ADP truth NOUN in ADP his PRON story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 2 was advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 particle det 5 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 truth case 7 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 5 particle nmod 8 in in ADP _ 10 story case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 story nmod:poss 10 story story NOUN Number=Sing 5 particle nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not be past a particle of truth in particle's story there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Heating water makes its particles move faster.
compound nsubj nmod:poss obj xcomp advmod punct root Heating VERB water NOUN makes VERB its PRON particles NOUN move VERB faster ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heating heat VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 water compound 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 particles nmod:poss 5 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 3 makes obj 6 move move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 makes xcomp 7 faster fast ADV Degree=Cmp 6 move advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heat gerund vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 make present Heating water water's particles tree rules 3 move present water's particles not said here fast property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 One must find out the truth concerning every created particle, and keep to that."
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux compound:prt det obj acl det amod obj punct cc conj case obl punct punct root One NOUN must AUX find VERB out ADP the DET truth NOUN concerning VERB every DET created VERB particle NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ keep VERB to ADP that PRON . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NOUN Number=Sing 3 find nsubj 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 find aux 3 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 find compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 truth det 6 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 3 find obj 7 concerning concern VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 truth acl 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 10 particle det 9 created create VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 particle amod 10 particle particle NOUN Number=Sing 7 concerning obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 keep punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 keep cc 13 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 find conj 14 to to ADP _ 15 that case 15 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 13 keep obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 find punct 17 " " PUNCT _ 3 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find out must One the truth vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truth=Topic 2 concern gerund the truth not said here every created particle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus particle=Experiencer 3 create participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 keep infinitive One not said here to that vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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