perhaps

Who acts: it, Sepher Yetzirah, oldest philosophical treatise, readings, manuscripts, conception · What happens: mean, be, not be, use, make, understand · To what, where: request, oldest philosophical treatise, Hebrew language, expression בְּלִי, 231 gates, SY · Speech: someone speaks here

«perhaps» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: perhaps in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Perhaps means maybe; it is possible but not certain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	maybe	maybe	ADV	_	2 means	advmod
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	7 possible	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 possible	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 possible	cop
7	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	parataxis
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 certain	cc
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 certain	advmod
10	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 possible	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean	present		maybe, perhaps property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	it	possible property	tree rules
3	not be				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Used to make a request or idea sound polite.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 make	mark
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Used	advcl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 request	det
5	request	request	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 sound	cc
7	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sound	compound
8	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 request	conj
9	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 make	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	participle							vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	to-infinitive		a request or idea sound				polite property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset request=Product

Example 1

The "Sepher Yetzirah," or "Book of Formation," is perhaps the oldest philosophical treatise which is yet extant in the Hebrew language. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: The "Sepher Yetzirah," or "Book of Formation," is perhaps the oldest philosophical treatise which is yet extant in the Hebrew language.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Yetzirah	det
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Sepher	punct
3	Sepher	Sepher	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Yetzirah	compound
4	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 treatise	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Yetzirah	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 Yetzirah	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 Book	cc
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Book	punct
9	Book	Book	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Yetzirah	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 Formation	case
11	Formation	Formation	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Book	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Yetzirah	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 Yetzirah	punct
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 treatise	cop
15	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	19 treatise	advmod
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 treatise	det
17	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 treatise	amod
18	philosophical	philosophical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 treatise	amod
19	treatise	treatise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 extant	nsubj
21	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 extant	cop
22	yet	yet	ADV	_	23 extant	advmod
23	extant	extant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 treatise	acl:relcl
24	in	in	ADP	_	27 language	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 language	det
26	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 language	amod
27	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 extant	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 treatise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Sepher Yetzirah or Book of Formation	the oldest philosophical treatise				perhaps property	tree rules
2	is	present	the oldest philosophical treatise			the Hebrew language	yet	extant property	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

The expression בְּלִי[]מָה beli[-]mah can be understood as either one word or two, with both readings being plausible and perhaps intended, and manuscripts commonly varying between the one- and two-word renditions. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

Sentence 1: The expression בְּלִי[]מָה beli[-]mah can be understood as either one word or two, with both readings being plausible and perhaps intended, and manuscripts commonly varying between the one- and two-word renditions.

The tree, 34 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 בְּלִי	det
2	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 בְּלִי	compound
3	בְּלִי	בְּלִי	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 understood	nsubj:pass
4	[	[	PUNCT	_	6 מָה	punct
5	]	]	PUNCT	_	6 מָה	punct
6	מָה	מָה	X	Foreign=Yes	3 בְּלִי	conj
7	beli	beli	X	Foreign=Yes	6 מָה	flat:foreign
8	[	[	PUNCT	_	11 mah	punct
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 mah	punct
10	]	]	PUNCT	_	9 -	punct
11	mah	mah	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 beli	appos
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 understood	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 understood	aux:pass
14	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
15	as	as	ADP	_	18 word	case
16	either	either	CCONJ	_	18 word	cc:preconj
17	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 word	nummod
18	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 understood	obl
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 two	cc
20	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 word	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 plausible	punct
22	with	with	SCONJ	_	26 plausible	mark
23	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	24 readings	det
24	readings	reading	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 plausible	nsubj
25	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 plausible	cop
26	plausible	plausible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 understood	parataxis
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 intended	cc
28	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	29 intended	advmod
29	intended	intend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 plausible	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 varying	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 varying	cc
32	manuscripts	manuscript	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 varying	nsubj
33	commonly	commonly	ADV	_	34 varying	advmod
34	varying	vary	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 understood	advcl
35	between	between	ADP	_	43 renditions	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 renditions	det
37	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	42 word	nummod
38	-	-	PUNCT	_	37 one	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 word	cc
40	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	42 word	nummod
41	-	-	PUNCT	_	40 two	punct
42	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 renditions	compound
43	renditions	rendition	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 varying	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 understood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	understand	can · passive		the expression בְּלִי	as one word	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as word=Attribute
2	is	gerund	both readings		plausible property	tree rules
3	intend	participle	both readings not said here		perhaps property	vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
4	vary	gerund	manuscripts		between the word renditions; commonly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 translation	punct
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
6	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
7	translation	translation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

The conception of Creation as a network of ontological interdependencies is perhaps apparent in the ‘231 gates’ referred to above in SY 2:4; see also SY 6:2.] How did He combine them? (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

Sentence 1: The conception of Creation as a network of ontological interdependencies is perhaps apparent in the ‘231 gates’ referred to above in SY 2:4; see also SY 6:2.]

The tree, 27 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 conception	det
2	conception	conception	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 apparent	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Creation	case
4	Creation	creation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conception	nmod
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 network	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 network	det
7	network	network	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conception	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 interdependencies	case
9	ontological	ontological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 interdependencies	amod
10	interdependencies	interdependency	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 network	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 apparent	cop
12	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	13 apparent	advmod
13	apparent	apparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	in	in	ADP	_	18 gates	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 gates	det
16	‘	'	PUNCT	_	18 gates	punct
17	231	231	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 gates	nummod
18	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 apparent	obl
19	’	'	PUNCT	_	18 gates	punct
20	referred	refer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 gates	acl
21	to	to	ADP	_	22 above	case
22	above	above	ADV	_	20 referred	obl
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 SY	case
24	SY	SY	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 referred	obl
25	2:4	2:4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 SY	flat
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 see	punct
27	see	see	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	13 apparent	parataxis
28	also	also	ADV	_	30 6:2	advmod
29	SY	SY	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 6:2	nmod:unmarked
30	6:2	6:2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	27 see	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 apparent	punct
32	]	]	PUNCT	_	13 apparent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	the conception of Creation as a network of ontological interdependencies		the 231 gates	apparent, perhaps property	tree rules
2	refer	participle		the 231 gates not said here	SY		vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to above=Co-Theme
3	see	infinitive		6:2 SY			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 6:2=Stimulus
4	conceive			Creation		as a network of ontological interdependencies	nom conception «cognition transitive»: of=patient as=obl

Sentence 2: How did He combine them?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 combine	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 combine	aux
3	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 combine	nsubj
4	combine	combine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 combine	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 combine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combine	past · do-support	SY	gates = gate					vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Sentence 3: (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 translation	punct
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
6	community	community	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 translation	compound
7	translation	translation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	appos
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Perhaps it will snow tomorrow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	4 snow	advmod
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 snow	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 snow	aux
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 snow	nmod:unmarked
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 snow	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

Perhaps the cat is hiding under the bed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	5 hiding	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cat	det
3	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hiding	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 hiding	aux
5	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	under	under	ADP	_	8 bed	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bed	det
8	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hiding	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 hiding	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	present · progressive	the cat			the bed		perhaps property	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under bed=Location

Example 6

Perhaps you could close the window, please.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	4 close	advmod
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 close	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 close	aux
4	close	close	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 window	det
6	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 close	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 close	punct
8	please	please	INTJ	_	4 close	discourse
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 close	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	could	you	the window				perhaps property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient

Example 7

"Will you come?" "Perhaps."

Sentence 1: "Will you come?" "

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct
2	Will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 come	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 come	nsubj
4	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come in a quote	future	you						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: Perhaps."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	root	root
2	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Perhaps	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	1 Perhaps	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 8

Perhaps the answer is 12, but let me check.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	5 12	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 answer	det
3	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 12	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 12	cop
5	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 let	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 let	cc
8	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 12	conj
9	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 let	obj
10	check	check	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 let	xcomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 12	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the answer	12	perhaps property	tree rules
2	let	infinitive	the answer not said here	me		tree rules
3	check	infinitive	me not said here			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Example 9

She was perhaps the fastest runner in the school.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 runner	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 runner	cop
3	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	6 runner	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 runner	det
5	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 runner	amod
6	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 school	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 school	det
9	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 runner	nmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 runner	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	She	the fastest runner		the school		perhaps property	tree rules

Example 10

Perhaps we should take an umbrella.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	4 take	advmod
2	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 take	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 take	aux
4	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 umbrella	det
6	umbrella	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 take	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	should	we	a umbrella				perhaps property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent umbrella=Theme

Example 11

“Perhaps he is ill,” Michael said.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	“	"	PUNCT	_	5 ill	punct
2	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	5 ill	advmod
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 ill	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ill	cop
5	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 said	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 ill	punct
7	”	"	PUNCT	_	5 ill	punct
8	Michael	Michael	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 said	nsubj
9	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	he					ill, perhaps property	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	past	Michael						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/P/perhaps/