refrain

Who acts: people, comment, he, Joseph, them, man · What happens: stop, do, refrain, talk, repeat, keep · To what, where: yourself, something, poem, comment, face, himself · Speech: someone speaks here

«refrain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: refrain in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To stop yourself from doing something: please refrain from talking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 stop	mark
2	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	yourself	yourself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 stop	obj
4	from	from	SCONJ	_	5 doing	mark
5	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 stop	advcl
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 doing	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 refrain	punct
8	please	please	INTJ	_	9 refrain	discourse
9	refrain	refrain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 something	acl:relcl
10	from	from	SCONJ	_	11 talking	mark
11	talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 refrain	advcl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	stop	to-infinitive	yourself	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality yourself=Eventuality
2	do	gerund	something	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
3	refrain	infinitive		vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	talk	gerund		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

The part of a song or poem that is repeated, the chorus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 part	det
2	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 song	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 song	det
5	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 part	nmod
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 poem	cc
7	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 song	conj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 repeated	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 repeated	aux:pass
10	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 poem	acl:relcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 chorus	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 chorus	det
13	chorus	chorus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 part	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	present · passive		poem					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Meaning 3

Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

A comment or complaint that people keep repeating.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 comment	det
2	comment	comment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 complaint	cc
4	complaint	complaint	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comment	conj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 keep	obj
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 keep	nsubj
7	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 comment	acl:relcl
8	repeating	repeat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 keep	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 comment	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	people	a comment or complaint					tree rules
2	repeat	gerund	a comment or complaint not said here						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Example 1

And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: 'Set on bread.' (Torah GEN.43.31, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And he washed his face, and came out; and he refrained himself, and said: 'Set on bread.'

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 washed	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 washed	nsubj
3	washed	wash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 said	advcl
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 face	nmod:poss
5	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 washed	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 came	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 came	cc
8	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 washed	conj
9	out	out	ADV	_	8 came	advmod
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 refrained	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 refrained	cc
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 refrained	nsubj
13	refrained	refrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 washed	conj
14	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 refrained	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 said	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 said	cc
17	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 Set	punct
19	'	'	PUNCT	_	20 Set	punct
20	Set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 said	ccomp
21	on	on	ADP	_	22 bread	case
22	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 Set	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 Set	punct
24	'	'	PUNCT	_	20 Set	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	wash	past	he	his face			vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient
2	come out	past	he not said here			out property	vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
3	refrain	past	he	himself = he			tree rules
4	say speech: assert	past					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	set	participle			bread		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on bread=Destination

Sentence 2: (Torah GEN.43.31, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.43.31	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.43.31	compound
3	GEN.43.31	GEN.43.31	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.43.31	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.43.31	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.' And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren. (Torah GEN.45.1, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.'

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 refrain	advmod
2	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 refrain	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 refrain	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 refrain	advmod
5	refrain	refrain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	5 refrain	obj
7	before	before	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 refrain	obl
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 stood	nsubj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 stood	nsubj
11	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 all	acl:relcl
12	by	by	ADP	_	13 him	case
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 stood	obl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 cried	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 cried	cc
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 cried	nsubj
17	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 refrain	parataxis
18	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 Cause	punct
19	'	'	PUNCT	_	20 Cause	punct
20	Cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 cried	conj
21	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	22 man	det
22	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 Cause	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 go	mark
24	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 Cause	xcomp
25	out	out	ADV	_	24 go	advmod
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 me	case
27	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	24 go	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 refrain	punct
29	'	'	PUNCT	_	5 refrain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	not refrain	could	Joseph	Joseph	before all; then		tree rules
2	stand	past	them = they			by Joseph	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by he=Location
3	cry speech: express	past	Joseph				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	cause	infinitive	Joseph not said here	every man			tree rules
5	go out	to-infinitive	every man not said here			from me; out property	vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Sentence 2: And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 stood	cc
2	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 stood	expl
3	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 man	det
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stood	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 him	case
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 man	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 made	punct
9	while	while	SCONJ	_	11 made	mark
10	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 made	nsubj
11	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 stood	conj
12	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 made	obj
13	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 made	xcomp
14	unto	unto	ADP	_	16 brethren	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 brethren	nmod:poss
16	brethren	brethren	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 known	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stood	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stand	past		no man	there	with man	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus
2	make	past	Joseph	Joseph			tree rules
3	know	participle	Joseph not said here			unto Joseph's brethren	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Sentence 3: (Torah GEN.45.1, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.45.1	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.45.1	compound
3	GEN.45.1	GEN.45.1	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 GEN.45.1	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 GEN.45.1	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Wilt Thou refrain Thyself for these things, O LORD? (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Wilt Thou refrain Thyself for these things, O LORD?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wilt	will	AUX	Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin	3 refrain	aux
2	Thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 refrain	nsubj
3	refrain	refrain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	Thyself	thyself	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes Style=Arch	3 refrain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 things	case
6	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 things	det
7	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refrain	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 LORD	punct
9	O	o	INTJ	_	10 LORD	discourse
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 things	nmod
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 refrain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refrain	future	Thou	Thyself				for this things LORD	tree rules

Sentence 2: (Prophets ISA.64.11, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	ISA.64.11	ISA.64.11	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ISA.64.11	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ISA.64.11	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their mouth; (Writings JOB.29.9, JPS 1917)

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 princes	det
2	princes	prince	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refrained	nsubj
3	refrained	refrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 refrained	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 laid	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 laid	cc
7	laid	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 refrained	conj
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 hand	nmod:poss
9	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 laid	obj
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 mouth	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 mouth	nmod:poss
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 laid	obl
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 Writings	punct
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 Writings	punct
15	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refrained	obl
16	JOB.29.9	JOB.29.9	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Writings	appos
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 JPS	punct
18	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 JOB.29.9	flat
19	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 JOB.29.9	flat
20	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 JOB.29.9	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	refrain	past	the princes	Writings		tree rules
2	talk	gerund	the princes not said here			vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lay	past	the princes not said here	princes's hand	princes's mouth	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on mouth=Destination

Example 5

I have refrained my feet from every evil way, in order that I might observe Thy word. (Writings PSA.119.101, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: I have refrained my feet from every evil way, in order that I might observe Thy word.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 refrained	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 refrained	aux
3	refrained	refrain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 feet	nmod:poss
5	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refrained	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 way	case
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 way	det
8	evil	evil	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 way	amod
9	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 refrained	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 order	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 order	case
12	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 refrained	obl
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 observe	nsubj
14	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 observe	nsubj
15	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 observe	aux
16	observe	observe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 order	acl:relcl
17	Thy	thy	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch	18 word	nmod:poss
18	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 observe	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 refrained	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	refrain	present · perfect	I	my feet	every evil way	in order	tree rules
2	observe	might	order	Thy word			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic
3	word		Thy				nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.119.101, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.119.101	PSA.119.101	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.119.101	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.119.101	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

Please refrain from running in the corridors.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Please	please	INTJ	_	2 refrain	discourse
2	refrain	refrain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	4 running	mark
4	running	run	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 refrain	advcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 corridors	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 corridors	det
7	corridors	corridor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 running	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 refrain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refrain	imperative	you not said here						vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	run	gerund	you not said here			the corridors			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory

Example 7

Passengers must refrain from smoking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 refrain	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 refrain	aux
3	refrain	refrain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 smoking	case
5	smoking	smoking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 refrain	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 refrain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refrain	must	Passengers			smoking			vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent from smoking=Eventuality

Example 8

Everyone joined in the refrain of the song.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 joined	nsubj
2	joined	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 refrain	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 refrain	det
5	refrain	refrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 joined	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 song	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 song	det
8	song	song	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 refrain	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 joined	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	past	Everyone					in the refrain of the song	vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in refrain=Theme

Example 9

The poem has a refrain at the end of each verse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 poem	det
2	poem	poem	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 refrain	det
5	refrain	refrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	8 end	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 end	det
8	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 refrain	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 verse	case
10	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	11 verse	det
11	verse	verse	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 end	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the poem	a refrain			at the end of each verse		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refrain=Patient

Example 10

I refrained from laughing at his joke.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 refrained	nsubj
2	refrained	refrain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	SCONJ	_	4 laughing	mark
4	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 refrained	advcl
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 joke	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 joke	nmod:poss
7	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 laughing	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 refrained	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	refrain	past	I		vn refrain-69 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	laugh	gerund	I not said here	his joke	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	joke		his = he		nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Example 11

«Are we there yet?» was the children's constant refrain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct
2	Are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 there	cop
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 there	nsubj
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
5	yet	yet	ADV	_	4 there	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 there	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 children	det
10	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 refrain	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 children	case
12	constant	constant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 refrain	amod
13	refrain	refrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 there	nsubj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	we				yet	there property	tree rules

Example 12

Every verse ended with this refrain,--

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 verse	det
2	verse	verse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ended	nsubj
3	ended	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 refrain	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 refrain	det
6	refrain	refrain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ended	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 refrain	punct
8	--	--	PUNCT	_	3 ended	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	past	every verse					with this refrain	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector with refrain=Subeventuality

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/R/refrain/