say

Who acts: sign, you, 's, say, Everyone, Your · What happens: say, be, stop, mean, let, imagine · To what, where: example, 's, number, 7, chance, opinion · Speech: someone speaks here

«say» in the Judaism dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 19 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: say in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

To say is to speak words: «Say hello.».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 say	mark
2	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 speak	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 speak	mark
5	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 say	ccomp
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 speak	obj
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 Say	punct
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 Say	punct
9	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 say	parataxis
10	hello	hello	INTJ	_	9 Say	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 Say	punct
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 Say	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	to-infinitive		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is	present	speak property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert in a quote	infinitive		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To say is to tell a fact or opinion: «The sign says stop».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 say	mark
2	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 tell	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 tell	mark
5	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 fact	det
7	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tell	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 opinion	cc
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fact	conj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 says	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 says	punct
12	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sign	det
13	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 says	nsubj
14	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tell	parataxis
15	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 says	ccomp
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 stop	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	to-infinitive			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	be speech: assert	present		tell property	tree rules
3	say speech: assert in a quote	present	the sign		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	stop in a quote	infinitive			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Meaning 3

Say can mean «for example» or «let's imagine»: «Take a number, say 7».

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 mean	aux
3	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Say	conj
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 example	punct
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 example	case
6	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mean	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 example	punct
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 let	cc
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 let	punct
10	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 mean	conj
11	's	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 let	obj
12	imagine	imagine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 let	xcomp
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 let	punct
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 Take	punct
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 Take	punct
16	Take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Say	ccomp
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 number	det
18	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 Take	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 say	punct
20	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 Take	conj
21	7	7	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 say	obj
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 Take	punct
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	can	you not said here	example	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent example=Topic
3	let in a quote	infinitive	you not said here	's	tree rules
4	imagine in a quote	infinitive	's not said here		vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
5	take in a quote	infinitive		a number	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme
6	say speech: assert in a quote	infinitive		7	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent 7=Topic

Meaning 4

Your say is your chance to give your opinion: «Everyone gets a say».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 say	nmod:poss
2	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chance	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 chance	cop
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 chance	nmod:poss
5	chance	chance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 give	mark
7	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 chance	acl
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 opinion	nmod:poss
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 give	obj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 gets	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 gets	punct
12	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	13 gets	nsubj
13	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 chance	parataxis
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 say	det
15	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gets	obj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 say	punct
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 chance	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Your say	your chance	tree rules
2	give	to-infinitive		your opinion	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme
3	get in a quote	present	Everyone	a say	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus
4	say		Your		nom say «state intransitive»: poss=agent
5	opine		your		nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Meaning 5

Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

«I say», «say what?» and «you don't say» show surprise; «you don't say» is often sarcastic.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct
2	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 say	punct
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 say	punct
7	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 say	parataxis
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	7 say	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 what	punct
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 what	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 say	cc
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 say	punct
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 say	nsubj
14	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 say	aux
15	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 say	advmod
16	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 say	conj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 say	punct
18	show	show	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 surprise	compound
19	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 say	obj
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 say	punct
21	«	«	PUNCT	_	25 say	punct
22	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	25 say	nsubj
23	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 say	aux
24	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 say	advmod
25	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 sarcastic	parataxis
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	25 say	punct
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 sarcastic	cop
28	often	often	ADV	_	29 sarcastic	advmod
29	sarcastic	sarcastic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 say	ccomp
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	I			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert in a quote	infinitive				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic
3	not say speech: assert in a quote	present · do-support	you	show surprise		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent surprise=Topic
4	not say speech: assert in a quote	present · do-support	you			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
5	is	present			often, sarcastic property	tree rules

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

I knew that already.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 knew	nsubj
2	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 knew	obj
4	already	already	ADV	_	2 knew	advmod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 knew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	past	I	that					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus

Meaning 6

Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

«Says who?» challenges someone: who decided that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Says	punct
2	Says	say	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 challenges	obl
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 challenges	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 who	punct
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 who	punct
6	challenges	challenge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 challenges	obj
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 decided	punct
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 decided	nsubj
10	decided	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 challenges	parataxis
11	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	10 decided	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 challenges	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	challenge	present		Says					tree rules
2	decide	past		that					vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent that=Topic

Meaning 7

Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.

«Say that again and you're dead» is a threat in a row; it is usually anger, not a real plan.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Say	punct
2	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 Say	obj
4	again	again	ADV	_	2 Say	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 dead	cc
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 dead	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 dead	cop
8	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 threat	amod
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 dead	punct
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 threat	cop
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 threat	det
12	threat	threat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Say	advcl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 row	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 row	det
15	row	row	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 threat	nmod
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 anger	punct
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 anger	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 anger	cop
19	usually	usually	ADV	_	20 anger	advmod
20	anger	anger	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 Say	parataxis
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 plan	punct
22	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 plan	advmod
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 plan	det
24	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 plan	amod
25	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 anger	conj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 Say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	imperative	you not said here	that		again		tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	you				dead property	tree rules
3	is a	present	you not said here	a dead threat	a row			tree rules
4	is a	present	row	anger and a real plan			usually property	tree rules

Meaning 8

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

«State», «assert», «declare», «indicate» and «it is stated that» are stiff words for say.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 State	punct
2	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 assert	obl
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 State	punct
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 assert	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 assert	punct
6	assert	assert	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 assert	punct
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 declare	punct
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 declare	punct
10	declare	declare	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 assert	conj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 declare	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 indicate	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 indicate	punct
14	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 assert	conj
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 indicate	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 stated	cc
17	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 stated	punct
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 stated	nsubj:pass
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 stated	aux:pass
20	stated	state	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 words	amod
21	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 stated	obj
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 stated	punct
23	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 words	cop
24	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 words	amod
25	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 indicate	obj
26	for	for	ADP	_	27 say	case
27	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 words	nmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 assert	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	assert in a quote	imperative	you not said here	State		vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	declare speech: other in a quote	infinitive	you not said here			vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
3	indicate in a quote	infinitive	you not said here			vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
4	state speech: other in a quote	present · passive		State		tree rules
5	is a	present		stated stiff words	for say	tree rules

Example 1

And all the people shall say: Amen. (Torah DEU.27.16, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And all the people shall say: Amen.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	6 say	cc
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 people	det:predet
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 people	det
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 say	nsubj
5	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 Amen	punct
8	Amen	Amen	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 say	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	shall	all people	Amen					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent amen=Topic

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.27.16, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.27.16	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.27.16	compound
3	DEU.27.16	DEU.27.16	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.27.16	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.27.16	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

And all the people shall say: Amen.' (Torah DEU.27.26, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And all the people shall say: Amen.'

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	6 say	cc
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 people	det:predet
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 people	det
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 say	nsubj
5	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 Amen	punct
8	Amen	Amen	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 say	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct
10	'	'	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	shall	all people	Amen					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent amen=Topic

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.27.26, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.27.26	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.27.26	compound
3	DEU.27.26	DEU.27.26	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.27.26	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.27.26	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

Go say to them: Return ye to your tents. (Torah DEU.5.30, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: Go say to them: Return ye to your tents.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Go	xcomp
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 them	case
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 say	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 Return	punct
6	Return	return	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Go	parataxis
7	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	6 Return	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 tents	case
9	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 tents	nmod:poss
10	tents	tent	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 Return	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	go	imperative	you not said here				vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	infinitive	you not said here		them = they		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient
3	return	infinitive		ye		your tents	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ye=Theme to tent=Destination

Sentence 2: (Torah DEU.5.30, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.5.30	punct
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.5.30	compound
3	DEU.5.30	DEU.5.30	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 DEU.5.30	conj
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 JPS	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 DEU.5.30	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

And thou sayest: 'What doth God know? (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And thou sayest: 'What doth God know?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 sayest	cc
2	thou	thou	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 sayest	nsubj
3	sayest	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 doth	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	7 doth	punct
6	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	7 doth	nsubj
7	doth	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sayest	conj
8	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 know	nsubj
9	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 doth	xcomp
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 sayest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	thou	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	do	present		tree rules
3	know	infinitive	God	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	JOB.22.13	JOB.22.13	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 JOB.22.13	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 JOB.22.13	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 5

And they say: 'How doth God know? (Writings PSA.73.11, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: And they say: 'How doth God know?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 say	cc
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 doth	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	7 doth	punct
6	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 doth	advmod
7	doth	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	ccomp
8	God	God	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 know	nsubj
9	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 doth	xcomp
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	they	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	present		tree rules
3	know	infinitive	God	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Sentence 2: (Writings PSA.73.11, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	PSA.73.11	PSA.73.11	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Writings	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 PSA.73.11	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 PSA.73.11	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Writings	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 6

But ye say: 'Wherein shall we return?' (Prophets MAL.3.7, JPS 1917)

Sentence 1: But ye say: 'Wherein shall we return?'

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	3 say	cc
2	ye	ye	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 return	punct
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	9 return	punct
6	Wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	9 return	advmod
7	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 return	aux
8	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 return	nsubj
9	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 say	ccomp
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 return	punct
11	'	'	PUNCT	_	9 return	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	ye						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	return	shall	we					wherein property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 2: (Prophets MAL.3.7, JPS 1917)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	MAL.3.7	MAL.3.7	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Prophets	appos
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 JPS	punct
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 MAL.3.7	flat
6	1917	1917	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 MAL.3.7	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Prophets	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 7

Mia says she has 20 stickers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 stickers	nummod
6	stickers	sticker	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mia						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	present	Mia	20 stickers					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Patient

Example 8

Let's say each box holds 6 eggs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	's	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Let	obj
3	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Let	xcomp
4	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	5 box	det
5	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 holds	nsubj
6	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	ccomp
7	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 eggs	nummod
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 holds	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Let	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	let	imperative	you not said here	's	tree rules
2	say speech: assert	infinitive	's not said here		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	hold	present	each box	6 eggs	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme

Example 9

What number does Tom say next?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
4	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	next	next	ADV	_	5 say	advmod
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	number					next property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

Example 10

Say how many are left.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 many	advmod
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 left	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 left	aux:pass
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	1 Say	ccomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	leave	present · passive		many					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 11

Say please when you ask for something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	please	please	INTJ	_	1 Say	discourse
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 ask	advmod
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 ask	nsubj
5	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Say	advcl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 something	case
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 ask	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	ask speech: ask	present	you					for something	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 12

What does the clock say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 clock	det
4	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	the clock						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

Example 13

The sign says «Keep off the grass».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sign	det
2	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Keep	punct
5	Keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 grass	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 grass	det
8	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Keep	obl
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Keep	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the sign						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	keep off in a quote	infinitive		the grass					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Theme

Example 14

Everyone in the class gets a say.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	5 gets	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 class	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 class	det
4	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Everyone	nmod
5	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 say	det
7	say	say	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 gets	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 gets	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	Everyone	a say					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer say=Stimulus

Example 15

my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right? (casual, wrong claim)

Sentence 1: my brother says the Sun goes round the Earth, right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 goes	nsubj
6	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	round	round	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 goes	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 right	punct
11	right	right	INTJ	_	3 says	discourse
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	my brother						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	go	present	the Sun			the Earth			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round earth=Initial_Location

Sentence 2: (casual, wrong claim)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 casual	punct
2	casual	casual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 claim	punct
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 claim	amod
5	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 casual	obl
6	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 casual	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 16

«It's 12.» «Says who? I counted 13.» (casual)

Sentence 1: «It's 12.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 12	punct
2	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 12	nsubj
3	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 12	cop
4	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 12	punct
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 12	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	It	12					tree rules

Sentence 2: «Says who?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Says	punct
2	Says	say	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 Says	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 Says	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 3: I counted 13.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 counted	nsubj
2	counted	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	13	13	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 counted	obj
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 counted	punct
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 counted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	past	I	13					vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 13=Theme

Sentence 4: (casual)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 casual	punct
2	casual	casual	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 casual	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 17

Say that again and I'll thump you. (rough)

Sentence 1: Say that again and I'll thump you.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	1 Say	obj
3	again	again	ADV	_	1 Say	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 thump	cc
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 thump	nsubj
6	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 thump	aux
7	thump	thump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Say	conj
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 thump	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	that			again		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic
2	thump	future	I	you					vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient

Sentence 2: (rough)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 rough	punct
2	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 rough	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 18

It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7. (formal exam)

Sentence 1: It is stated that a pupil possesses 20 stickers; determine the number remaining upon the disposal of 7.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stated	aux:pass
3	stated	state	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 possesses	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 possesses	nsubj
7	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stated	advcl
8	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 stickers	nummod
9	stickers	sticker	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 possesses	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 determine	punct
11	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 stated	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 number	det
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 determine	obj
14	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 number	acl
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 disposal	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 disposal	det
17	disposal	disposal	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 remaining	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	19 7	case
19	7	7	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	17 disposal	nmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	state speech: other	present · passive		It		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	possess	present	a pupil	20 stickers		vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sticker=Theme
3	determine	infinitive		the number		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic
4	remain	gerund	the number not said here		the disposal of 7	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon disposal=Location

Sentence 2: (formal exam)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 exam	punct
2	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 exam	amod
3	exam	exam	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 exam	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 19

"With all my heart," says I.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 says	punct
2	With	with	ADP	_	5 heart	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 heart	det:predet
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 heart	nmod:poss
5	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 says	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 heart	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 heart	punct
8	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	I.	I.	X	Foreign=Yes	8 says	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present		I.				with my heart	vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent i.=Theme with heart=Manner

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/say/