studying Who acts: time, He, Rabbi, I, my, sister · What happens: spend, learn, practise, go, look, understand · To what, where: lessons, it, map, entire eve, Sefer Yetzirah, old calf
«studying» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: studying in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 Spending time learning about a subject by reading, practising or going to lessons.
The tree, 13 words obj acl case det obl case obl punct conj cc conj case obl punct root Spending VERB time NOUN learning VERB about ADP a DET subject NOUN by ADP reading NOUN , PUNCT practising VERB or CCONJ going VERB to ADP lessons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spending spend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 time time NOUN Number=Sing 1 Spending obj 3 learning learn VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 time acl 4 about about ADP _ 6 subject case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 subject det 6 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 3 learning obl 7 by by ADP _ 8 reading case 8 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 3 learning obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 practising punct 10 practising practise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Spending conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 going cc 12 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Spending conj 13 to to ADP _ 14 lessons case 14 lessons lesson NOUN Number=Plur 12 going obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Spending punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend gerund time vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 learn gerund time not said here about a subject; by reading vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about subject=Topic 3 practise gerund tree rules 4 go gerund lessons vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to lesson=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Looking at something carefully to understand it.
case obl advmod mark advcl obj punct root Looking VERB at ADP something PRON carefully ADV to PART understand VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 at at ADP _ 3 something case 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Looking obl 4 carefully carefully ADV _ 1 Looking advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 understand mark 6 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Looking advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 understand obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Looking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look gerund at something; carefully property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at something=Theme 2 understand to-infinitive it vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"He was studying the map."
punct nsubj aux det obj punct punct root " PUNCT He PRON was AUX studying VERB the DET map NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 studying punct 2 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 studying nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 studying aux 4 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 map det 6 map map NOUN Number=Sing 4 studying obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 studying punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study in a quote past · progressive He the map vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic
Example 1 Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . . (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
Sentence 1: Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaiah sat the entire eve of the Sabbath studying the Sefer Yetzirah and created a three-year old calf, and ate it' . . .
The tree, 26 words nsubj flat cc conj flat det amod obj case det nmod advcl det compound obj cc conj det nummod punct obl:unmarked amod obj punct cc conj obj punct punct punct punct root Rabbi PROPN Hanina PROPN and CCONJ Rabbi PROPN Oshaiah PROPN sat VERB the DET entire ADJ eve NOUN of ADP the DET Sabbath PROPN studying VERB the DET Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN and CCONJ created VERB a DET three NUM - PUNCT year NOUN old ADJ calf NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ ate VERB it PRON ' PUNCT . PUNCT . PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rabbi Rabbi PROPN Number=Sing 6 sat nsubj 2 Hanina Hanina PROPN Number=Sing 1 Rabbi flat 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 Rabbi cc 4 Rabbi Rabbi PROPN Number=Sing 1 Rabbi conj 5 Oshaiah Oshaiah PROPN Number=Sing 4 Rabbi flat 6 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 eve det 8 entire entire ADJ Degree=Pos 9 eve amod 9 eve eve NOUN Number=Sing 6 sat obj 10 of of ADP _ 12 Sabbath case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Sabbath det 12 Sabbath Sabbath PROPN Number=Sing 9 eve nmod 13 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 sat advcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 Yetzirah det 15 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 16 Yetzirah compound 16 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 13 studying obj 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 created cc 18 created create VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 sat conj 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 calf det 20 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 22 year nummod 21 - - PUNCT _ 20 three punct 22 year year NOUN Number=Sing 23 old obl:unmarked 23 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 24 calf amod 24 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 18 created obj 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 ate punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 ate cc 27 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 sat conj 28 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 27 ate obj 29 ' ' PUNCT _ 27 ate punct 30 . . PUNCT _ 27 ate punct 31 . . PUNCT _ 27 ate punct 32 . . PUNCT _ 6 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past Rabbi and Rabbi the entire eve of the Sabbath vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eve=Theme 2 study gerund Rabbi and Rabbi not said here the Sefer Yetzirah vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yetzirah=Topic 3 create past Rabbi and Rabbi not said here a old calf vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Result 4 eat past Rabbi and Rabbi not said here calf vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Sentence 2: (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
The tree, 12 words punct punct det appos case nmod cc conj case fixed nmod flat punct list punct root ( PUNCT Mordell PROPN , PUNCT The DET Origin PROPN of ADP Letters NOUN and CCONJ Numerals NOUN according VERB to ADP Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN ( PUNCT 1914 NUM )) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct 2 Mordell Mordell PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Origin punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Origin det 5 Origin Origin PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 Letters case 7 Letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 Origin nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 Numerals cc 9 Numerals numeral NOUN Number=Plur 7 Letters conj 10 according accord VERB ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 Sefer case 11 to to ADP _ 10 according fixed 12 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing 2 Mordell nmod 13 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 12 Sefer flat 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 1914 punct 15 1914 1914 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 Mordell list 16 )) )) PUNCT _ 2 Mordell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accord gerund vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent
Example 2 I am studying for my spelling test.
nsubj aux case nmod:poss compound obl punct root I PRON am AUX studying VERB for ADP my PRON spelling NOUN test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 studying nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studying aux 3 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 for for ADP _ 7 test case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 test nmod:poss 6 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 7 test compound 7 test test NOUN Number=Sing 3 studying obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · progressive I for my spelling test vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for test=Attribute 2 test my nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 My sister is studying medicine at university.
nmod:poss nsubj aux obj case obl punct root My PRON sister NOUN is AUX studying VERB medicine NOUN at ADP university NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 4 studying nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 studying aux 4 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 4 studying obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 university case 7 university university NOUN Number=Sing 4 studying obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · progressive My sister medicine university vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Topic
Example 4 She was studying the map to find the way.
nsubj aux det obj mark acl det obj punct root She PRON was AUX studying VERB the DET map NOUN to PART find VERB the DET way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 studying nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 studying aux 3 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 map det 5 map map NOUN Number=Sing 3 studying obj 6 to to PART _ 7 find mark 7 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 map acl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 way det 9 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 find obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study past · progressive She the map vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Topic 2 find to-infinitive She not said here the way vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic
Example 5 Scientists are studying how bees talk to each other.
nsubj aux advmod nsubj advcl case obl fixed punct root Scientists NOUN are AUX studying VERB how ADV bees NOUN talk VERB to ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 studying nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studying aux 3 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 talk advmod 5 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 6 talk nsubj 6 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studying advcl 7 to to ADP _ 8 each case 8 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 6 talk obl 9 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 each fixed 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · progressive Scientists vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 talk present bees to each vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent
Example 6 Studying a little every day works better than all at once.
csubj det obj det obl:unmarked advmod case obl case obl punct root Studying VERB a DET little ADJ every DET day NOUN works VERB better ADV than ADP all DET at ADP once ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Studying study VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 works csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 little det 3 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Studying obj 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 1 Studying obl:unmarked 6 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 better well ADV Degree=Cmp 6 works advmod 8 than than ADP _ 9 all case 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 better obl 10 at at ADP _ 11 once case 11 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 6 works obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study gerund a little day vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Topic 2 work present Studying well property vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at once=Theme
Example 7 We are studying the Vikings this term.
nsubj aux det obj det appos punct root We PRON are AUX studying VERB the DET Vikings PROPN this DET term NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 studying nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 studying aux 3 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Vikings det 5 Vikings Viking PROPN Number=Plur 3 studying obj 6 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 term det 7 term term NOUN Number=Sing 5 Vikings appos 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 studying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present · progressive We the Vikings vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viking=Topic
Example 8 There was once a young man who was studying to be a poet.
expl advmod det amod nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl mark cop det advcl punct root There PRON was VERB once ADV a DET young ADJ man NOUN who PRON was AUX studying VERB to PART be AUX a DET poet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 2 was advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 man det 5 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 6 man amod 6 man man NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 studying nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 studying aux 9 studying study VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 man acl:relcl 10 to to PART _ 13 poet mark 11 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 13 poet cop 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 poet det 13 poet poet NOUN Number=Sing 9 studying advcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a young man there once property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 study past · progressive a young man vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a to-infinitive a young man not said here a poet tree rules
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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