substitution

Who acts: substitution, player, principles, coach, you, your · What happens: put, be, come on, mean, replace, work out · To what, where: one person, place, substitution, letter, expression, value

«substitution» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: substitution in the Judaism dictionary.

Meaning 1

A substitution is putting one person or thing in the place of another.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 substitution	det
2	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 putting	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 putting	aux
4	putting	put	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 person	nummod
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 putting	obj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 thing	cc
8	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 person	conj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 place	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 place	det
11	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 putting	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 another	case
13	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	11 place	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 putting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	present · progressive	a substitution	one person or thing		the place of another			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent person=Theme in place=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

A substitution is when a player is taken off and another player comes on.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 substitution	det
2	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taken	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 taken	cop
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	8 taken	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 player	det
6	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taken	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 taken	aux:pass
8	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	off	off	ADP	_	8 taken	compound:prt
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 comes	cc
11	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	12 player	det
12	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 comes	nsubj
13	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 taken	conj
14	on	on	ADV	_	13 comes	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 taken	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · passive		a substitution				take property	tree rules
2	come on	present	another player						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Meaning 3

Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

Substitution means replacing a letter in an expression or formula with a number, to work out its value.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	replacing	replace	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 means	xcomp
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replacing	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 expression	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 expression	det
8	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replacing	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 formula	cc
10	formula	formula	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 expression	conj
11	with	with	ADP	_	13 number	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 number	det
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 replacing	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 work	punct
15	to	to	PART	_	16 work	mark
16	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 means	conj
17	out	out	ADP	_	16 work	compound:prt
18	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 value	nmod:poss
19	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 work	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Substitution				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	replace not said to happen	gerund	Substitution not said here	a letter	a expression or formula	with a number	vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme letter=Location with number=Co-Theme
3	work out	to-infinitive	Substitution not said here	Substitution's value			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Topic
4	value		Substitution				nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Meaning 4

Usage: cooking — kept apart, not parsed.

A substitution is using a different ingredient instead of the one in the recipe.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 substitution	det
2	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 using	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 using	aux
4	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ingredient	det
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ingredient	amod
7	ingredient	ingredient	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 using	obj
8	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	11 one	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	8 instead	fixed
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 one	det
11	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 using	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 recipe	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 recipe	det
14	recipe	recipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 one	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 using	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · progressive	a substitution	a different ingredient				instead the one in the recipe	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ingredient=Patient

Example 1

The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

Sentence 1: The Kabalistic principles involved in the reversal of Hebrew letters, and their substitution by others, on definite schemes, should also be studied and borne in mind.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principles	det
2	Kabalistic	kabalistic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 principles	amod
3	principles	principle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 involved	nsubj
4	involved	involved	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 reversal	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reversal	det
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 involved	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 letters	case
9	Hebrew	hebrew	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 letters	amod
10	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 reversal	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 studied	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 studied	cc
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 substitution	nmod:poss
14	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 studied	nsubj:pass
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 others	case
16	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 substitution	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 schemes	punct
18	on	on	ADP	_	20 schemes	case
19	definite	definite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 schemes	amod
20	schemes	scheme	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 substitution	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 substitution	punct
22	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 studied	aux
23	also	also	ADV	_	25 studied	advmod
24	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 studied	aux:pass
25	studied	study	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 involved	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 borne	cc
27	borne	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 studied	conj
28	in	in	ADP	_	29 mind	case
29	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 borne	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 involved	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	study	should · passive		principles's substitution by others and definite schemes		vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
2	bear	participle			mind	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
3	reverse			Hebrew letters		nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient
4	substitute		principles = principle			nom substitution «event intransitive»: poss=agent

Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 Westcott	punct
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Sefer	conj
6	1893	1893	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 Westcott	flat
7	)	)	PUNCT	_	2 Sefer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 2

The coach made a substitution at half-time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 coach	det
2	coach	coach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 substitution	det
5	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 time	case
7	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	9 time	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 half	punct
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the coach	a substitution			time		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset substitution=Product

Example 3

By substitution, if x = 4, then 3x = 12.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 substitution	case
2	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 12	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 substitution	punct
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	13 12	mark
5	x	x	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 12	nsubj
6	=	=	SYM	_	7 4	case
7	4	4	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 x	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 12	punct
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 x	advmod
10	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 x	nummod
11	x	x	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	13 12	nsubj
12	=	=	SYM	_	13 12	case
13	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	root	root
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 12	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Use substitution to check your answer to the equation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Use	obj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 check	mark
4	check	check	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Use	advcl
5	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 answer	nmod:poss
6	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 check	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 equation	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 equation	det
9	equation	equation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 check	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	use	imperative	you not said here	substitution		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substitution=Patient
2	check	to-infinitive	you not said here	your answer	to the equation	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme
3	answer		your			nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 5

We used honey as a substitution for sugar.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 used	nsubj
2	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 substitution	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 substitution	det
6	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 used	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 sugar	case
8	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 substitution	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 used	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	past	We	honey				as a substitution for sugar	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent honey=Duration as substitution=Attribute

Example 6

In a substitution cipher, A might become D and B might become E.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 cipher	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cipher	det
3	substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cipher	compound
4	cipher	cipher	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 become	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 cipher	punct
6	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 become	det
7	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 become	aux
8	become	become	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	D	D	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 become	nsubj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 B	cc
11	B	B	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 D	conj
12	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 become	aux
13	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 become	ccomp
14	E.	E.	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	might				a substitution cipher			tree rules
2	become	might	D and B						vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 7

Two substitutions changed the whole match.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 substitutions	nummod
2	substitutions	substitution	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changed	nsubj
3	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 match	det
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 match	amod
6	match	match	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 changed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	past	Two substitutions	the whole match					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Patient

Example 8

Substitution of the ingredients made the cake taste different.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Substitution	substitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 ingredients	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ingredients	det
4	ingredients	ingredient	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Substitution	nmod
5	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 taste	det
7	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 taste	compound
8	taste	taste	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obj
9	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 made	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Substitution of the ingredients	the cake taste				different property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset taste=Product
2	substitute		the ingredients						nom substitution «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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