surface Who acts: surface, He, you, Most, diver, She · What happens: be, meet, mean, appear, become, know · To what, where: outside layer, top, air, Spirit, earth, void
«surface» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: surface in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 The surface is the outside or top layer of something: the surface of a table, the Earth's surface.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj case nmod punct det nmod case det nmod punct det nmod:poss case nmod punct root The DET surface NOUN is AUX the DET outside ADJ or CCONJ top ADJ layer NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET surface NOUN of ADP a DET table NOUN , PUNCT the DET Earth PROPN 's PART surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surface det 2 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 8 layer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 layer cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 layer det 5 outside outside ADJ Degree=Pos 8 layer amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 top cc 7 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 5 outside conj 8 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 layer nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 surface punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 surface det 13 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 10 something nmod 14 of of ADP _ 16 table case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 table det 16 table table NOUN Number=Sing 13 surface nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 surface punct 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Earth det 19 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 21 surface nmod:poss 20 's 's PART _ 19 Earth case 21 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 13 surface nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the surface the outside layer of something tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The surface of water is its top, where it meets the air.
det nsubj case nmod cop nmod:poss punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root The DET surface NOUN of ADP water NOUN is AUX its PRON top NOUN , PUNCT where ADV it PRON meets VERB the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surface det 2 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 water case 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 surface nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 top cop 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 top nmod:poss 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 meets punct 9 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 meets advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 meets nsubj 11 meets meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 top acl:relcl 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 air det 13 air air NOUN Number=Sing 11 meets obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 top punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the surface of water surface's top tree rules 2 meet present surface the air vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Co-Agent
Meaning 3 To surface is to come up to the top of water.
mark nsubj cop mark advmod case det obl case nmod punct root To PART surface NOUN is AUX to PART come VERB up ADV to ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 surface mark 2 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 5 come nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 come cop 4 to to PART _ 5 come mark 5 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 up up ADV _ 5 come advmod 7 to to ADP _ 9 top case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 top det 9 top top NOUN Number=Sing 5 come obl 10 of of ADP _ 11 water case 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 9 top nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present surface to the top of water; come property tree rules
Meaning 4 To surface can mean to appear or become known.
mark nsubj aux mark xcomp cc conj xcomp punct root To PART surface NOUN can AUX mean VERB to PART appear VERB or CCONJ become VERB known VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 surface mark 2 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 appear mark 6 appear appear VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 become cc 8 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 appear conj 9 known know VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 become xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can surface vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 appear not said to happen to-infinitive surface not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 become infinitive surface not said here tree rules 4 know participle surface not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 He also formed and designed from his Spirit, and from the void and formless made earth, even as a rampart, or standing wall, and varied its surface even as the crossing of beams. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)
Sentence 1: He also formed and designed from his Spirit, and from the void and formless made earth, even as a rampart, or standing wall, and varied its surface even as the crossing of beams.
The tree, 33 words nsubj advmod cc conj case nmod:poss obl punct cc case det obl cc conj parataxis obj punct advmod case det obl punct cc advcl obj punct cc conj nmod:poss obj advmod case det obl case nmod punct root He PRON also ADV formed VERB and CCONJ designed VERB from ADP his PRON Spirit PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ from ADP the DET void NOUN and CCONJ formless NOUN made VERB earth NOUN , PUNCT even ADV as ADP a DET rampart NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ standing VERB wall NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ varied VERB its PRON surface NOUN even ADV as ADP the DET crossing NOUN of ADP beams NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 formed nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 formed advmod 3 formed form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 designed cc 5 designed design VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 formed conj 6 from from ADP _ 8 Spirit case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 Spirit nmod:poss 8 Spirit Spirit PROPN Number=Sing 5 designed obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 16 made punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 16 made cc 11 from from ADP _ 13 void case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 void det 13 void void NOUN Number=Sing 16 made obl 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 formless cc 15 formless formless NOUN Number=Sing 13 void conj 16 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 formed parataxis 17 earth earth NOUN Number=Sing 16 made obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 rampart punct 19 even even ADV _ 22 rampart advmod 20 as as ADP _ 22 rampart case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 rampart det 22 rampart rampart NOUN Number=Sing 16 made obl 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 standing punct 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 standing cc 25 standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 made advcl 26 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 25 standing obj 27 , , PUNCT _ 29 varied punct 28 and and CCONJ _ 29 varied cc 29 varied vary VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 formed conj 30 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 31 surface nmod:poss 31 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 29 varied obj 32 even even ADV _ 35 crossing advmod 33 as as ADP _ 35 crossing case 34 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 35 crossing det 35 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 29 varied obl 36 of of ADP _ 37 beams case 37 beams beam NOUN Number=Plur 35 crossing nmod 38 . . PUNCT _ 3 formed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 form past He vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 design past He not said here his Spirit vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from spirit=Material 3 make participle earth the void and formless as a rampart vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset earth=Product from void=Material 4 stand gerund wall vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wall=Stimulus 5 vary past He not said here wall's surface as the crossing of beams vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer surface=Patient 6 cross beams nom crossing «act transitive»: of=patient
Sentence 2: (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1887)
punct flat punct conj flat punct root ( PUNCT Sefer PROPN Yetzirah PROPN , PUNCT Westcott PROPN 1887 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct 2 Sefer Sefer PROPN Number=Sing root root 3 Yetzirah Yetzirah PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer flat 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 Westcott punct 5 Westcott Westcott PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sefer conj 6 1887 1887 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 Westcott flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Sefer punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 The surface of the lake was smooth like glass.
det nsubj case det nmod cop case obl punct root The DET surface NOUN of ADP the DET lake NOUN was AUX smooth ADJ like ADP glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surface det 2 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 7 smooth nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 lake case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lake det 5 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 surface nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 smooth cop 7 smooth smooth ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 like like ADP _ 9 glass case 9 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 7 smooth obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 smooth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the surface of the lake like glass; smooth property tree rules
Example 3 A whale surfaced to breathe.
det acl mark xcomp punct root A DET whale NOUN surfaced VERB to PART breathe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 whale det 2 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 surfaced surface VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 whale acl 4 to to PART _ 5 breathe mark 5 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 surfaced xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 whale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surface participle a whale not said here tree rules 2 breathe to-infinitive vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Wipe the kitchen surfaces after cooking.
det compound obj case nmod punct root Wipe VERB the DET kitchen NOUN surfaces NOUN after ADP cooking NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wipe wipe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 surfaces det 3 kitchen kitchen NOUN Number=Sing 4 surfaces compound 4 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wipe obj 5 after after ADP _ 6 cooking case 6 cooking cooking NOUN Number=Sing 4 surfaces nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wipe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wipe imperative you not said here the kitchen surfaces after cooking vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent surface=Source
Example 5 Most of the Earth's surface is water.
nsubj case det nmod:poss case nmod cop punct root Most ADJ of ADP the DET Earth PROPN 's PART surface NOUN is AUX water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 8 water nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 6 surface case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 Earth det 4 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 6 surface nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 Earth case 6 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 1 Most nmod 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 water cop 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 water punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Most of the Earth's surface water tree rules
Example 6 Find the surface area of the cube.
det compound obj case det nmod punct root Find VERB the DET surface NOUN area NOUN of ADP the DET cube NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Find find VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 area det 3 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 4 area compound 4 area area NOUN Number=Sing 1 Find obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 cube case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 cube det 7 cube cube NOUN Number=Sing 4 area nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find imperative you not said here the surface area of the cube vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Topic
Example 7 Leaves floated on the surface of the pond.
acl case det obl case det nmod punct root Leaves NOUN floated VERB on ADP the DET surface NOUN of ADP the DET pond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 floated float VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Leaves acl 3 on on ADP _ 5 surface case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 surface det 5 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 2 floated obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 pond case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 pond det 8 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Leaves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float participle Leaves not said here the surface of the pond vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on surface=Trajectory
Example 8 On the surface he looked calm, but he was nervous.
case det obl nsubj xcomp punct cc nsubj cop advcl punct root On ADP the DET surface NOUN he PRON looked VERB calm ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ he PRON was AUX nervous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 surface case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 surface det 3 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 5 looked obl 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 looked nsubj 5 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 5 looked xcomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 nervous punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 nervous cc 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 nervous nsubj 10 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 nervous cop 11 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 looked advcl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past he on the surface; calm property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on surface=Theme 2 is past he nervous property tree rules
Example 9 The diver swam back to the surface.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET diver NOUN swam VERB back ADV to ADP the DET surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 diver det 2 diver diver NOUN Number=Sing 3 swam nsubj 3 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 back back ADV _ 3 swam advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 surface case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 surface det 7 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 3 swam obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim back past the diver the surface vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to surface=Destination
Example 10 She stooped down to drink, when a horrible head bobbed up on the surface.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod mark xcomp punct advmod det amod nsubj conj compound:prt case det obl punct root She PRON stooped VERB down ADV to PART drink VERB , PUNCT when ADV a DET horrible ADJ head NOUN bobbed VERB up ADP on ADP the DET surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stooped nsubj 2 stooped stoop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADV _ 2 stooped advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 drink mark 5 drink drink VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 stooped xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 bobbed punct 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 bobbed advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 head det 9 horrible horrible ADJ Degree=Pos 10 head amod 10 head head NOUN Number=Sing 11 bobbed nsubj 11 bobbed bob VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 stooped conj 12 up up ADP _ 11 bobbed compound:prt 13 on on ADP _ 15 surface case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 surface det 15 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 11 bobbed obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 stooped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stoop down past She down property tree rules 2 drink to-infinitive She not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 bob up participle a horrible head the surface vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on surface=Location
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous suretynext → surname↑ back to S in Judaism dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/S/surface/