trail Who acts: trail, hair, that, eyes, my, We · What happens: be, leave, trail, drag, lose, trail down · To what, where: path, countryside, line, marks, someone, ground
«trail» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: trail in the Judaism dictionary .
Meaning 1 A trail is a path through the countryside, a forest or mountains.
det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct det appos cc conj punct root A DET trail NOUN is AUX a DET path NOUN through ADP the DET countryside NOUN , PUNCT a DET forest NOUN or CCONJ mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trail det 2 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 5 path nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 path cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 path det 5 path path NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 through through ADP _ 8 countryside case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 countryside det 8 countryside countryside NOUN Number=Sing 5 path nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 forest punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 forest det 11 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 5 path appos 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 mountains cc 13 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 11 forest conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 path punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trail a path the countryside tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A trail is a line of marks or signs left by someone or something, like footprints.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj acl case obl cc conj punct case conj punct root A DET trail NOUN is AUX a DET line NOUN of ADP marks NOUN or CCONJ signs NOUN left VERB by ADP someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON , PUNCT like ADP footprints NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trail det 2 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 5 line nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 line cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 line det 5 line line NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 marks case 7 marks mark NOUN Number=Plur 5 line nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 signs cc 9 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 7 marks conj 10 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 marks acl 11 by by ADP _ 12 someone case 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 left obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 something cc 14 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 someone conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 footprints punct 16 like like ADP _ 17 footprints case 17 footprints footprint NOUN Number=Plur 14 something conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 line punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trail a line of marks or signs tree rules 2 leave participle marks or signs not said here by someone vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by someone=Location
Meaning 3 To trail is to follow behind someone, or to drag along the ground behind.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark case obl punct cc mark conj case det obl advmod punct root To PART trail VERB is AUX to PART follow VERB behind ADP someone PRON , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART drag VERB along ADP the DET ground NOUN behind ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trail mark 2 trail trail VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 follow csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 follow cop 4 to to PART _ 5 follow mark 5 follow follow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 behind behind ADP _ 7 someone case 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 follow obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 drag punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 drag cc 10 to to PART _ 11 drag mark 11 drag drag VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 follow conj 12 along along ADP _ 14 ground case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ground det 14 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 11 drag obl 15 behind behind ADV _ 11 drag advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 follow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trail to-infinitive vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 2 is present someone follow property tree rules 3 drag to-infinitive the ground behind property vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along ground=Location
Meaning 4 To trail in a game is to be losing.
mark advcl case det obl aux mark aux punct root To PART trail VERB in ADP a DET game NOUN is AUX to PART be AUX losing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trail mark 2 trail trail VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 losing advcl 3 in in ADP _ 5 game case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 game det 5 game game NOUN Number=Sing 2 trail obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 losing aux 7 to to PART _ 9 losing mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 losing aux 9 losing lose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 losing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trail to-infinitive a game vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in game=Trajectory 2 lose present · progressive vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Thy hair is as a flock of goats, that trail down from Gilead. (Writings SNG.6.5, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Thy hair is as a flock of goats, that trail down from Gilead.
The tree, 13 words nmod:poss nsubj cop case det case nmod punct nsubj parataxis advmod case obl punct root Thy PRON hair NOUN is AUX as ADP a DET flock NOUN of ADP goats NOUN , PUNCT that PRON trail VERB down ADV from ADP Gilead PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thy thy PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch 2 hair nmod:poss 2 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 6 flock nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 flock cop 4 as as ADP _ 6 flock case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 flock det 6 flock flock NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 goats case 8 goats goat NOUN Number=Plur 6 flock nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 trail punct 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 trail nsubj 11 trail trail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 flock parataxis 12 down down ADV _ 11 trail advmod 13 from from ADP _ 14 Gilead case 14 Gilead Gilead PROPN Number=Sing 11 trail obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 flock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Thy hair as a flock; of goats tree rules 2 trail down present that Gilead down property vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from gilead=Trajectory
Sentence 2: (Writings SNG.6.5, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN SNG.6.5 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 SNG.6.5 SNG.6.5 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 SNG.6.5 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 SNG.6.5 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thine eyes are as doves behind thy veil; thy hair is as a flock of goats, that trail down from mount Gilead. (Writings SNG.4.1, JPS 1917)
Sentence 1: Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; thine eyes are as doves behind thy veil; thy hair is as a flock of goats, that trail down from mount Gilead.
The tree, 32 words discourse punct nsubj xcomp punct nmod:poss obj punct discourse punct nsubj conj xcomp punct nmod:poss nsubj cop case parataxis case nmod:poss nmod punct nmod:poss nsubj cop case det conj case nmod punct nsubj parataxis advmod case obl appos punct root Behold INTJ , PUNCT thou PRON art AUX fair ADJ , PUNCT my PRON love NOUN ; PUNCT behold INTJ , PUNCT thou PRON art AUX fair ADJ ; PUNCT thine PRON eyes NOUN are AUX as ADP doves NOUN behind ADP thy PRON veil NOUN ; PUNCT thy PRON hair NOUN is AUX as ADP a DET flock NOUN of ADP goats NOUN , PUNCT that PRON trail VERB down ADV from ADP mount NOUN Gilead PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Behold behold INTJ _ 4 art discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Behold punct 3 thou thou PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 4 art nsubj 4 art be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 4 art xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 4 art punct 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 love nmod:poss 8 love love NOUN Number=Sing 4 art obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 art punct 10 behold behold INTJ _ 13 art discourse 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 behold punct 12 thou thou PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch 13 art nsubj 13 art be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 art conj 14 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 13 art xcomp 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 doves punct 16 thine thy PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch 17 eyes nmod:poss 17 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 20 doves nsubj 18 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 doves cop 19 as as ADP _ 20 doves case 20 doves dove NOUN Number=Plur 4 art parataxis 21 behind behind ADP _ 23 veil case 22 thy thy PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch 23 veil nmod:poss 23 veil veil NOUN Number=Sing 20 doves nmod 24 ; ; PUNCT _ 30 flock punct 25 thy thy PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch 26 hair nmod:poss 26 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 30 flock nsubj 27 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 flock cop 28 as as ADP _ 30 flock case 29 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 flock det 30 flock flock NOUN Number=Sing 20 doves conj 31 of of ADP _ 32 goats case 32 goats goat NOUN Number=Plur 30 flock nmod 33 , , PUNCT _ 35 trail punct 34 that that PRON PronType=Rel 35 trail nsubj 35 trail trail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 30 flock parataxis 36 down down ADV _ 35 trail advmod 37 from from ADP _ 38 mount case 38 mount mount NOUN Number=Sing 35 trail obl 39 Gilead Gilead PROPN Number=Sing 38 mount appos 40 . . PUNCT _ 4 art punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present thine eyes thy veil as doves and a flock tree rules 2 is present thy hair as a flock; of goats tree rules 3 trail down present that mount down property vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent from mount=Trajectory 4 love my nom love «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Sentence 2: (Writings SNG.4.1, JPS 1917)
punct appos punct flat flat punct root ( PUNCT Writings NOUN SNG.4.1 PROPN , PUNCT JPS PROPN 1917 NUM ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct 2 Writings writing NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 SNG.4.1 SNG.4.1 PROPN Number=Sing 2 Writings appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 JPS punct 5 JPS JPS PROPN Number=Sing 3 SNG.4.1 flat 6 1917 1917 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 SNG.4.1 flat 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 Writings punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 We walked the nature trail around the lake.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON walked VERB the DET nature NOUN trail NOUN around ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trail det 4 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 5 trail compound 5 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obj 6 around around ADP _ 8 lake case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lake det 8 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the nature trail the lake vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent trail=Theme around lake=Trajectory
Example 4 The snail left a shiny trail.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET snail NOUN left VERB a DET shiny ADJ trail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snail det 2 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 3 left nsubj 3 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trail det 5 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 trail amod 6 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 3 left obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past the snail a shiny trail vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme
Example 5 Stay on the trail so you don't get lost.
case det obl advmod nsubj aux advmod aux:pass advcl punct root Stay VERB on ADP the DET trail NOUN so ADV you PRON do AUX n't PART get AUX lost VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stay stay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 on on ADP _ 4 trail case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 trail det 4 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stay obl 5 so so ADV _ 10 lost advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 lost nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lost aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 10 lost advmod 9 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 lost aux:pass 10 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Stay advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay imperative you not said here the trail vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on trail=Location 2 not lose present · passive · do-support you vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 6 The detective followed a trail of clues.
det nsubj det obj case nmod punct root The DET detective NOUN followed VERB a DET trail NOUN of ADP clues NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 followed nsubj 3 followed follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 trail det 5 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 3 followed obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 clues case 7 clues clue NOUN Number=Plur 5 trail nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 followed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow past the detective a trail of clues vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme
Example 7 Her long scarf trailed on the ground.
nmod:poss amod acl case det obl punct root Her PRON long ADJ scarf NOUN trailed VERB on ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 scarf nmod:poss 2 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 3 scarf amod 3 scarf scarf NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 trailed trail VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 scarf acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 ground case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ground det 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 4 trailed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 scarf punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trail participle Her long scarf not said here the ground vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Trajectory
Example 8 Our team was trailing by three goals at half time.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case nummod obl case amod obl punct root Our PRON team NOUN was AUX trailing VERB by ADP three NUM goals NOUN at ADP half ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 team nmod:poss 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 trailing nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 trailing aux 4 trailing trail VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 goals case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 goals nummod 7 goals goal NOUN Number=Plur 4 trailing obl 8 at at ADP _ 10 time case 9 half half ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 10 time amod 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 trailing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 trailing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trail past · progressive Our team time by three goals vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by goal=Trajectory
Example 9 Hansel and Gretel left a trail of crumbs.
cc nsubj conj det obj case nmod punct root Hansel VERB and CCONJ Gretel PROPN left VERB a DET trail NOUN of ADP crumbs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hansel hansel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 left cc 3 Gretel Gretel PROPN Number=Sing 4 left nsubj 4 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Hansel conj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trail det 6 trail trail NOUN Number=Sing 4 left obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 crumbs case 8 crumbs crumb NOUN Number=Plur 6 trail nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hansel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hansel imperative you not said here tree rules 2 leave past Gretel a trail of crumbs vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme
Example 10 Some carried their tails over their arms, while others trailed them proudly along.
The tree, 13 words nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct mark nsubj conj obj advmod advmod punct root Some DET carried VERB their PRON tails NOUN over ADP their PRON arms NOUN , PUNCT while SCONJ others NOUN trailed VERB them PRON proudly ADV along ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 carried nsubj 2 carried carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 tails nmod:poss 4 tails tail NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried obj 5 over over ADP _ 7 arms case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 arms nmod:poss 7 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 2 carried obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 trailed punct 9 while while SCONJ _ 11 trailed mark 10 others other NOUN Number=Plur 11 trailed nsubj 11 trailed trail VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 carried conj 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 trailed obj 13 proudly proudly ADV _ 11 trailed advmod 14 along along ADV _ 11 trailed advmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry past Some their tails tails's arms vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme 2 trail past others tails = tail along, proudly property vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
Text: the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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