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abuse

Who acts: it, Rude insulting words, anyone, you, fans, Animal abuse · What happens: use, do, abuse, treat, shout, mean · To what, where: something, harm, power, person, abuse, someone · Speech: someone speaks here

«abuse» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abuse in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Using something wrongly or too much, so it does harm: drug abuse, abuse of power.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 does	advcl
2	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	1 Using	obj
3	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	_	1 Using	advmod
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 much	cc
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 much	advmod
6	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 wrongly	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Using	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 does	advmod
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 does	nsubj
10	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 does	obj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 abuse	punct
13	drug	drug	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 abuse	compound
14	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 harm	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 abuse	punct
16	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 abuse	conj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 power	case
18	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 abuse	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		something				wrongly property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
2	do	present	it	harm and drug abuse and abuse of power					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent harm=Eventuality
3	abuse			power					nom abuse «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cruel	cruel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 treatment	amod
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 violent	cc
3	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Cruel	conj
4	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 person	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 treatment	nmod
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 animal	cc
9	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 person	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 treatment	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat			a person or animal					nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

Meaning 3

Rude, insulting words: shouting abuse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 words	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Rude	punct
3	insulting	insulting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 words	amod
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 shouting	punct
6	shouting	shout	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 words	acl
7	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shouting	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 words	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	gerund	Rude insulting words not said here	abuse					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic

Meaning 4

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To treat someone cruelly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 treat	mark
2	treat	treat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 treat	obj
4	cruelly	cruelly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 someone	amod
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 treat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat	to-infinitive			someone				vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient

Meaning 5

Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

To use something badly or unfairly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 use	mark
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 use	obj
4	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 use	advmod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 unfairly	cc
6	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	_	4 badly	conj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 use	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	to-infinitive		something				badly property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient

Meaning 6

To abuse someone can also mean to insult them with rude words.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 abuse	mark
2	abuse	abuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mean	csubj
3	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 abuse	obj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 mean	aux
5	also	also	ADV	_	6 mean	advmod
6	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 insult	mark
8	insult	insult	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 mean	xcomp
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 insult	obj
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 words	case
11	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 words	amod
12	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 insult	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abuse	to-infinitive		someone					vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme
2	mean	can							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	insult not said to happen	to-infinitive		them = they				with rude words	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer

Example 1

If anyone hurts you, it is abuse; tell a trusted adult.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	3 hurts	mark
2	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 hurts	nsubj
3	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 tell	advcl
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 hurts	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 abuse	punct
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 abuse	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 abuse	cop
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hurts	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	3 hurts	punct
10	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 adult	det
12	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 adult	amod
13	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tell	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt a condition, not said to happen	present	anyone	you					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient
2	is a	present	it	abuse					tree rules
3	tell speech: assert	imperative	you not said here		a trusted adult				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient
4	trust	participle							vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Example 2

The fans shouted abuse at the referee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fans	det
2	fans	fan	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shouted	nsubj
3	shouted	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouted	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 referee	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 referee	det
7	referee	referee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shouted	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shouted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shout speech: express	past	the fans	abuse		the referee			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Topic

Example 3

Animal abuse is a crime.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abuse	compound
2	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crime	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 crime	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 crime	det
5	crime	crime	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 crime	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Animal abuse	a crime					tree rules

Example 4

He abused his power as captain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 abused	nsubj
2	abused	abuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 power	nmod:poss
4	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abused	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 captain	case
6	captain	captain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 abused	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 abused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abuse	past	He	his power				as captain	vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme

Example 5

Don't abuse the trust your friends give you.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 abuse	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 abuse	advmod
3	abuse	abuse	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 trust	det
5	trust	trust	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abuse	obj
6	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 friends	nmod:poss
7	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 give	nsubj
8	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 trust	acl:relcl
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 give	iobj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 abuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not abuse	imperative · do-support	you not said here	the trust					vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trust=Theme
2	give	present	your friends	the trust not said here	you				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

Example 6

The website has a button to report abuse.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 website	det
2	website	website	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 button	det
5	button	button	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 report	mark
7	report	report	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 button	acl
8	abuse	abuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 report	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	the website	a button					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Patient
2	report	to-infinitive	the website not said here	abuse					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abuse=Patient

Example 7

The Lion abused him as a traitor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Lion	det
2	Lion	Lion	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 abused	nsubj
3	abused	abuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 abused	obj
5	as	as	ADP	_	7 traitor	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 traitor	det
7	traitor	traitor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abused	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 abused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abuse	past	the Lion	him = he				as a traitor	vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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