abyss Who acts: abyss, it, huge difference, climbers, Strange glowing fish, Alice · What happens: be, seem, have, cross, look down, hang · To what, where: deep hole, bottom, terrible situation, deepest darkest part, rope bridge, abyss · Speech: someone speaks here
«abyss» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: abyss in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An abyss is a very deep hole or gap in the ground, so deep it seems to have no bottom.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod cc conj case det nmod punct advmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det obj punct root An DET abyss NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV deep ADJ hole NOUN or CCONJ gap NOUN in ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT so ADV deep ADV it PRON seems VERB to PART have VERB no DET bottom NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 abyss det 2 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hole det 5 very very ADV _ 6 deep advmod 6 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hole amod 7 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 gap cc 9 gap gap NOUN Number=Sing 7 hole conj 10 in in ADP _ 12 ground case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ground det 12 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 9 gap nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 seems punct 14 so so ADV _ 15 deep advmod 15 deep deep ADV _ 17 seems advmod 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 seems nsubj 17 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hole acl:relcl 18 to to PART _ 19 have mark 19 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 seems xcomp 20 no no DET PronType=Neg 21 bottom det 21 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 19 have obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a abyss a deep hole or gap in the ground tree rules 2 seem present it a deep hole or gap in the ground not said here deep property tree rules 3 have to-infinitive no bottom vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottom=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.
An abyss is a terrible situation or a huge difference that seems impossible to cross.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod cc det amod conj nsubj acl:relcl xcomp mark xcomp punct root An DET abyss NOUN is AUX a DET terrible ADJ situation NOUN or CCONJ a DET huge ADJ difference NOUN that PRON seems VERB impossible ADJ to PART cross VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 abyss det 2 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 6 situation nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 situation cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 situation det 5 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 6 situation amod 6 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 10 difference cc 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 difference det 9 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 10 difference amod 10 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 6 situation conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 seems nsubj 12 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 difference acl:relcl 13 impossible impossible ADJ Degree=Pos 12 seems xcomp 14 to to PART _ 15 cross mark 15 cross cross VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 impossible xcomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 situation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a abyss a terrible situation or a huge difference tree rules 2 seem present a huge difference impossible property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 3 cross to-infinitive a huge difference not said here vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
The abyss is the deepest, darkest part of the ocean.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod case det nmod punct root The DET abyss NOUN is AUX the DET deepest ADJ , PUNCT darkest ADJ part NOUN of ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 abyss det 2 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 8 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 part det 5 deepest deep ADJ Degree=Sup 8 part amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 deepest punct 7 darkest dark ADJ Degree=Sup 8 part amod 8 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 ocean case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ocean det 11 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 8 part nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the abyss the deepest darkest part of the ocean tree rules
Example 1 The climbers looked down into the dark abyss.
det nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root The DET climbers NOUN looked VERB down ADV into ADP the DET dark ADJ abyss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 climbers det 2 climbers climber NOUN Number=Plur 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADV _ 3 looked advmod 5 into into ADP _ 8 abyss case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 abyss det 7 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 8 abyss amod 8 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look down past the climbers into the dark abyss; down property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into abyss=Theme
Example 2 A rope bridge hung over the abyss.
det compound acl case det obl punct root A DET rope NOUN bridge NOUN hung VERB over ADP the DET abyss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bridge det 2 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 3 bridge compound 3 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 hung hang VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bridge acl 5 over over ADP _ 7 abyss case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 abyss det 7 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 4 hung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 bridge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang participle a rope bridge not said here the abyss vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over abyss=Location
Example 3 Strange glowing fish live in the abyss of the ocean.
amod amod nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root Strange ADJ glowing VERB fish NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET abyss NOUN of ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 3 fish amod 2 glowing glow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 fish amod 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 4 live nsubj 4 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 abyss case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 abyss det 7 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 4 live obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 ocean case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ocean det 10 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 7 abyss nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 live present Strange glowing fish the abyss of the ocean vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in abyss=Location
Example 4 Alice wondered if she was falling into a bottomless abyss.
nsubj mark nsubj aux advcl case det amod obl punct root Alice PROPN wondered VERB if SCONJ she PRON was AUX falling VERB into ADP a DET bottomless ADJ abyss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Alice Alice PROPN Number=Sing 2 wondered nsubj 2 wondered wonder VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 if if SCONJ _ 6 falling mark 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 falling nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 falling aux 6 falling fall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 wondered advcl 7 into into ADP _ 10 abyss case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 abyss det 9 bottomless bottomless ADJ Degree=Pos 10 abyss amod 10 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 6 falling obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 wondered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wonder speech: ask past Alice vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 fall a condition, not said to happen past · progressive Alice into a bottomless abyss result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into abyss=Result
Example 5 The country was close to the abyss of war.
det nsubj cop case det obl case nmod punct root The DET country NOUN was AUX close ADJ to ADP the DET abyss NOUN of ADP war NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 4 close nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 close cop 4 close close ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 abyss case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 abyss det 7 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 4 close obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 war case 9 war war NOUN Number=Sing 7 abyss nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 close punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the country to the abyss of war; close property tree rules
Example 6 No light reaches the abyss at the bottom of the sea.
det nsubj det obj case det obl case det nmod punct root No DET light NOUN reaches VERB the DET abyss NOUN at ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 light det 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 reaches nsubj 3 reaches reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 abyss det 5 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 3 reaches obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 bottom case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bottom det 8 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 3 reaches obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 sea case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 sea det 11 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 8 bottom nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 reaches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach present no light the abyss the bottom of the sea vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent abyss=Theme at bottom=Asset
Example 7 The dragon's cave opened onto a black abyss.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det amod obl punct root The DET dragon NOUN 's PART cave NOUN opened VERB onto ADP a DET black ADJ abyss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dragon det 2 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing 4 cave nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 dragon case 4 cave cave NOUN Number=Sing 5 opened nsubj 5 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 onto onto ADP _ 9 abyss case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 abyss det 8 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 9 abyss amod 9 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 5 opened obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the dragon's cave a black abyss vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent onto abyss=Recipient
Example 8 The youth ran to look at it, and saw that a huge abyss had opened below the stone.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj mark advcl case obl punct cc conj mark det amod nsubj:pass aux ccomp case det obl punct root The DET youth NOUN ran VERB to PART look VERB at ADP it PRON , PUNCT and CCONJ saw VERB that SCONJ a DET huge ADJ abyss NOUN had AUX opened VERB below ADP the DET stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 youth det 2 youth youth NOUN Number=Sing 3 ran nsubj 3 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 look mark 5 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 ran advcl 6 at at ADP _ 7 it case 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 look obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 saw punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 saw cc 10 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ran conj 11 that that SCONJ _ 16 opened mark 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 abyss det 13 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 14 abyss amod 14 abyss abyss NOUN Number=Sing 16 opened nsubj:pass 15 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 16 opened aux 16 opened open VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 saw ccomp 17 below below ADP _ 19 stone case 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 stone det 19 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 16 opened obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past the youth vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 look to-infinitive the youth not said here at youth vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme 3 see past the youth not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 open past · perfect · passive a huge abyss the stone vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme below stone=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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