ache Who acts: ache, pain, I, legs, She, you · What happens: be, go on, not be, ache, have, go · To what, where: pain, stomach ache, dentist, grown, enough water, aches · Speech: someone speaks here
«ache» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ache in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An ache is a pain that goes on for a long time but is not sharp.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt case det amod obl cc cop advmod conj punct root An DET ache NOUN is AUX a DET pain NOUN that PRON goes VERB on ADP for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN but CCONJ is AUX not PART sharp ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ache det 2 ache ache NOUN Number=Sing 5 pain nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pain cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pain det 5 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 goes nsubj 7 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pain acl:relcl 8 on on ADP _ 7 goes compound:prt 9 for for ADP _ 12 time case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 time det 11 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 12 time amod 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 goes obl 13 but but CCONJ _ 16 sharp cc 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 sharp cop 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 sharp advmod 16 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 goes conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 pain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ache a pain tree rules 2 go on present a pain time vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not is present a pain not said here sharp property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To ache is to hurt with a dull, steady pain.
mark csubj cop mark case det amod punct amod obl punct root To PART ache VERB is AUX to PART hurt VERB with ADP a DET dull ADJ , PUNCT steady ADJ pain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ache mark 2 ache ache VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hurt csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hurt cop 4 to to PART _ 5 hurt mark 5 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 with with ADP _ 11 pain case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 pain det 8 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 11 pain amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 dull punct 10 steady steady ADJ Degree=Pos 11 pain amod 11 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 5 hurt obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ache to-infinitive vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present with a dull steady pain; hurt property tree rules
Meaning 3 To ache for something is to want it very much.
mark advcl case obl cop mark obj advmod advmod punct root To PART ache VERB for ADP something PRON is AUX to PART want VERB it PRON very ADV much ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ache mark 2 ache ache VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 want advcl 3 for for ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 ache obl 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 want cop 6 to to PART _ 7 want mark 7 want want VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 want obj 9 very very ADV _ 10 much advmod 10 much much ADV _ 7 want advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ache to-infinitive for something vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for something=Theme 2 is present want property tree rules
Example 1 I have a stomach ache.
nsubj det compound obj punct root I PRON have VERB a DET stomach NOUN ache NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 ache det 4 stomach stomach NOUN Number=Sing 5 ache compound 5 ache ache NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a stomach ache vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ache=Patient
Example 2 My legs ache after the long walk.
nmod:poss nsubj case det amod obl punct root My PRON legs NOUN ache VERB after ADP the DET long ADJ walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 legs nmod:poss 2 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 3 ache nsubj 3 ache ache VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 after after ADP _ 7 walk case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 walk det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 walk amod 7 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 3 ache obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 ache punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ache present My legs after the long walk vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 She went to the dentist because of a toothache.
nsubj case det obl case fixed det obl punct root She PRON went VERB to ADP the DET dentist NOUN because ADP of ADP a DET toothache NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 dentist case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 dentist det 5 dentist dentist NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 toothache case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 toothache det 9 toothache toothache NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past She the dentist because a toothache vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to dentist=Initial_Location
Example 4 Tell a grown-up if your ear aches.
det obj punct compound mark nmod:poss compound ccomp punct root Tell VERB a DET grown NOUN - PUNCT up ADP if SCONJ your PRON ear NOUN aches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 grown det 3 grown grown NOUN Number=Sing 1 Tell obj 4 - - PUNCT _ 5 up punct 5 up up ADP _ 3 grown compound 6 if if SCONJ _ 9 aches mark 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 aches nmod:poss 8 ear ear NOUN Number=Sing 9 aches compound 9 aches ache NOUN Number=Plur 1 Tell ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a grown vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent grown=Recipient 2 ache your nom ache «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 His muscles ached after football.
nmod:poss nsubj case obl punct root His PRON muscles NOUN ached VERB after ADP football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 muscles nmod:poss 2 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 3 ached nsubj 3 ached ache VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 after after ADP _ 5 football case 5 football football NOUN Number=Sing 3 ached obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 ached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ache past His muscles after football vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 My head aches when I don't drink enough water.
nmod:poss compound mark nsubj aux advmod acl amod obj punct root My PRON head NOUN aches NOUN when SCONJ I PRON do AUX n't PART drink VERB enough ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 aches nmod:poss 2 head head NOUN Number=Sing 3 aches compound 3 aches ache NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 8 drink mark 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 drink nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 drink aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 drink advmod 8 drink drink VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 aches acl 9 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 drink obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 aches punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not drink present · do-support I enough water vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient 2 ache My nom ache «state intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Grandad has aches and pains in his knees.
nsubj obj cc conj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Grandad PROPN has VERB aches NOUN and CCONJ pains NOUN in ADP his PRON knees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 aches ache NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 pains cc 5 pains pain NOUN Number=Plur 3 aches conj 6 in in ADP _ 8 knees case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 knees nmod:poss 8 knees knee NOUN Number=Plur 3 aches nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Grandad aches and pains Grandad's knees vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ache=Patient
Example 8 Her heart ached when her dog was lost.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct root Her PRON heart NOUN ached VERB when SCONJ her PRON dog NOUN was AUX lost VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 heart nmod:poss 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 ached nsubj 3 ached ache VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when SCONJ _ 8 lost mark 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 dog nmod:poss 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 8 lost nsubj:pass 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 lost aux:pass 8 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 ached advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 ached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ache past Her heart vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 lose past · passive heart's dog vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 9 I had head-ache and back-ache, and I cannot tell what aches besides.
The tree, 15 words nsubj compound punct obj cc compound punct conj punct cc nsubj aux advmod conj nsubj ccomp obj punct root I PRON had VERB head NOUN - PUNCT ache NOUN and CCONJ back NOUN - PUNCT ache NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ I PRON can AUX not PART tell VERB what PRON aches VERB besides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 head head NOUN Number=Sing 5 ache compound 4 - - PUNCT _ 3 head punct 5 ache ache NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 ache cc 7 back back NOUN Number=Sing 9 ache compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 back punct 9 ache ache NOUN Number=Sing 5 ache conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 tell punct 11 and and CCONJ _ 15 tell cc 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 tell nsubj 13 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 tell aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 tell advmod 15 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 had conj 16 what what PRON PronType=Int 17 aches nsubj 17 aches ache VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 tell ccomp 18 besides beside NOUN Number=Plur 17 aches obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I head ache and back ache vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ache=Patient 2 not tell speech: assert can I vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 ache present besides tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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