affirmation Who acts: something, you, encouragement, someone, She, I · What happens: say, be, agree, help, feel, word · To what, where: someone, support, truth, nod, affirmation, positive affirmation · Speech: someone speaks here
«affirmation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: affirmation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Saying firmly that something is true or that you agree with it.
csubj advmod mark nsubj cop cc mark nsubj conj case obl punct root Saying VERB firmly ADV that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ or CCONJ that SCONJ you PRON agree VERB with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 true csubj 2 firmly firmly ADV _ 1 Saying advmod 3 that that SCONJ _ 6 true mark 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 true nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 true cop 6 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 10 agree cc 8 that that SCONJ _ 10 agree mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 agree nsubj 10 agree agree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 true conj 11 with with ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 agree obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund firmly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present something true property tree rules 3 agree speech: agree present you with it vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with it=Co-Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Words of support or encouragement that help someone feel good about themselves.
case nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl obj xcomp xcomp case obl punct root Words NOUN of ADP support NOUN or CCONJ encouragement NOUN that PRON help VERB someone PRON feel VERB good ADJ about ADP themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 of of ADP _ 3 support case 3 support support NOUN Number=Sing 1 Words nmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 encouragement cc 5 encouragement encouragement NOUN Number=Sing 3 support conj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 help nsubj 7 help help VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 encouragement acl:relcl 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 help obj 9 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 help xcomp 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feel xcomp 11 about about ADP _ 12 themselves case 12 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 10 good obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present encouragement someone vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 feel infinitive someone not said here good property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 3 word support or encouragement nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A promise to tell the truth, made instead of a religious oath.
det mark acl det obj punct acl case fixed det amod obl punct root A DET promise NOUN to PART tell VERB the DET truth NOUN , PUNCT made VERB instead ADV of ADP a DET religious ADJ oath NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 promise det 2 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 to to PART _ 4 tell mark 4 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 promise acl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 truth det 6 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 4 tell obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 made punct 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 truth acl 9 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 13 oath case 10 of of ADP _ 9 instead fixed 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 oath det 12 religious religious ADJ Degree=Pos 13 oath amod 13 oath oath NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 promise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert to-infinitive the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient 2 make participle the truth not said here instead a religious oath vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 1 She gave a nod of affirmation when I asked if she was ready.
nsubj det obj case nmod advmod nsubj advcl mark nsubj cop ccomp punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET nod NOUN of ADP affirmation NOUN when ADV I PRON asked VERB if SCONJ she PRON was AUX ready ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 nod det 4 nod nod NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 affirmation case 6 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing 4 nod nmod 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 asked advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 asked nsubj 9 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 gave advcl 10 if if SCONJ _ 13 ready mark 11 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 ready nsubj 12 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 ready cop 13 ready ready ADJ Degree=Pos 9 asked ccomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a nod of affirmation vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nod=Theme 2 ask speech: ask past I vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is a condition, not said to happen past she ready property tree rules 4 nod affirmation nom nod «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 Our class writes a positive affirmation on the board each morning.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod obj case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root Our PRON class NOUN writes VERB a DET positive ADJ affirmation NOUN on ADP the DET board NOUN each DET morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes nsubj 3 writes write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 affirmation det 5 positive positive ADJ Degree=Pos 6 affirmation amod 6 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 board case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 board det 9 board board NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes obl 10 each each DET PronType=Tot 11 morning det 11 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 3 writes obl:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 writes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write present Our class a positive affirmation the board morning vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent affirmation=Theme on board=Destination
Example 3 "I can do hard things" is a good affirmation.
punct nsubj aux csubj amod obj punct cop det amod punct root " PUNCT I PRON can AUX do VERB hard ADJ things NOUN " PUNCT is AUX a DET good ADJ affirmation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 do punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 do nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 do aux 4 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 affirmation csubj 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 things amod 6 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 4 do obj 7 " " PUNCT _ 4 do punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 affirmation cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 affirmation det 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 11 affirmation amod 11 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 . . PUNCT _ 11 affirmation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote can I hard things vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality 2 is a present a good affirmation tree rules
Example 4 The coach's words were an affirmation that we had played well.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop det nsubj:pass nsubj aux acl:relcl advmod punct root The DET coach NOUN 's PART words NOUN were AUX an DET affirmation NOUN that PRON we PRON had AUX played VERB well ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 4 words nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 coach case 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 7 affirmation nsubj 5 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 affirmation cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 affirmation det 7 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 played nsubj:pass 9 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 played nsubj 10 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 played aux 11 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 affirmation acl:relcl 12 well well ADV Degree=Pos 11 played advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 affirmation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the coach's words a affirmation tree rules 2 play past · perfect · passive a affirmation well property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 3 word the coach nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 In court, he made an affirmation instead of swearing on the Bible.
case obl punct nsubj det obj mark fixed advcl case det obl punct root In ADP court NOUN , PUNCT he PRON made VERB an DET affirmation NOUN instead ADV of ADP swearing VERB on ADP the DET Bible PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 court case 2 court court NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 court punct 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 made nsubj 5 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 affirmation det 7 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing 5 made obj 8 instead instead ADV ExtPos=SCONJ 10 swearing mark 9 of of ADP _ 8 instead fixed 10 swearing swear VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 made advcl 11 on on ADP _ 13 Bible case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Bible det 13 Bible Bible PROPN Number=Sing 10 swearing obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past he a affirmation court vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affirmation=Product 2 swear gerund he not said here the Bible vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The award was an affirmation of all her hard work.
det nsubj cop det case det:predet nmod:poss amod nmod punct root The DET award NOUN was AUX an DET affirmation NOUN of ADP all DET her PRON hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 award det 2 award award NOUN Number=Sing 5 affirmation nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 affirmation cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 affirmation det 5 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 work case 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 work det:predet 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 work nmod:poss 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 work amod 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing 5 affirmation nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 affirmation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the award a affirmation of her hard work tree rules 2 work her = she nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Mum's hug was all the affirmation I needed.
nmod:poss case nsubj cop det:predet det nsubj acl:relcl punct root Mum NOUN 's PART hug NOUN was AUX all DET the DET affirmation NOUN I PRON needed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 hug nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Mum case 3 hug hug NOUN Number=Sing 7 affirmation nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 affirmation cop 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 affirmation det:predet 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 affirmation det 7 affirmation affirmation NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 needed nsubj 9 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 affirmation acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 affirmation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Mum's hug all affirmation tree rules 2 need past I all affirmation not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot affirmation=Theme 3 hug Mum nom hug «act transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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