afflict Who acts: Floods, plague, Hunger, fungus, Shyness, you · What happens: cause, afflict, be, not afflict · To what, where: pain, problem, town, much, He, millions
«afflict» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: afflict in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To cause pain, suffering or trouble to someone or something.
mark obj punct conj cc conj case nmod cc conj punct root To PART cause VERB pain NOUN , PUNCT suffering NOUN or CCONJ trouble NOUN to ADP someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 cause mark 2 cause cause VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 2 cause obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 suffering punct 5 suffering suffering NOUN Number=Sing 3 pain conj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 trouble cc 7 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 3 pain conj 8 to to ADP _ 9 someone case 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 trouble nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 something cc 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 someone conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 cause punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause to-infinitive pain and suffering or trouble to someone vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: often passive — kept apart, not parsed.
To be afflicted with an illness or problem is to suffer from it.
mark aux:pass advcl case det obl cc conj cop mark case obl punct root To PART be AUX afflicted VERB with ADP an DET illness NOUN or CCONJ problem NOUN is AUX to PART suffer VERB from ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 3 afflicted mark 2 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 afflicted aux:pass 3 afflicted afflict VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 suffer advcl 4 with with ADP _ 6 illness case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 illness det 6 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 3 afflicted obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 problem cc 8 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 6 illness conj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 suffer cop 10 to to PART _ 11 suffer mark 11 suffer suffer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 from from ADP _ 13 it case 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 suffer obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 suffer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict to-infinitive · passive with a illness or problem vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» 2 is present problem suffer property tree rules
Example 1 Floods afflicted the town every spring.
nsubj det obj det obl:unmarked punct root Floods NOUN afflicted VERB the DET town NOUN every DET spring NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Floods flood NOUN Number=Plur 2 afflicted nsubj 2 afflicted afflict VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 town det 4 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 afflicted obj 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 spring det 6 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 2 afflicted obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 afflicted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict past Floods the town spring vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer
Example 2 The plague afflicted much of Europe.
det nsubj obj case nmod punct root The DET plague NOUN afflicted VERB much ADJ of ADP Europe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plague det 2 plague plague NOUN Number=Sing 3 afflicted nsubj 3 afflicted afflict VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 afflicted obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 Europe case 6 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 4 much nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 afflicted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict past the plague much of Europe vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus much=Experiencer
Example 3 He was afflicted with a terrible cough.
nsubj aux:pass case det amod obl punct root He PRON was AUX afflicted VERB with ADP a DET terrible ADJ cough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 afflicted nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 afflicted aux:pass 3 afflicted afflict VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 cough case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 cough det 6 terrible terrible ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cough amod 7 cough cough NOUN Number=Sing 3 afflicted obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 afflicted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict past · passive He with a terrible cough vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Example 4 Hunger afflicts millions of people.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Hunger NOUN afflicts VERB millions NOUN of ADP people NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunger hunger NOUN Number=Sing 2 afflicts nsubj 2 afflicts afflict VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 2 afflicts obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 people case 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 millions nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 afflicts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict present Hunger millions of people vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus million=Experiencer
Example 5 The old tree was afflicted by a fungus.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root The DET old ADJ tree NOUN was AUX afflicted VERB by ADP a DET fungus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tree det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tree amod 3 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 afflicted nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 afflicted aux:pass 5 afflicted afflict VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 8 fungus case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 fungus det 8 fungus fungus NOUN Number=Sing 5 afflicted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 afflicted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict past · passive a fungus the old tree vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 6 Shyness afflicted her as a child.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root Shyness NOUN afflicted VERB her PRON as ADP a DET child NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Shyness shyness NOUN Number=Sing 2 afflicted nsubj 2 afflicted afflict VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 afflicted obj 4 as as ADP _ 6 child case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 child det 6 child child NOUN Number=Sing 2 afflicted obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 afflicted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 afflict past Shyness her = she as a child vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer
Example 7 “Do not thus afflict yourself, my good master.
punct aux advmod advmod obj punct nmod:poss amod conj punct root “ PUNCT Do AUX not PART thus ADV afflict VERB yourself PRON , PUNCT my PRON good ADJ master NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 afflict punct 2 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 afflict aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 afflict advmod 4 thus thus ADV _ 5 afflict advmod 5 afflict afflict VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 afflict obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 master punct 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 master nmod:poss 9 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 10 master amod 10 master master NOUN Number=Sing 5 afflict conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 afflict punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not afflict in a quote imperative · do-support you not said here yourself thus property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus yourself=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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