apologise Who acts: you, I, She, He, waiter, good apology · What happens: say, be, do, hurt, interrupt, apologise · To what, where: someone, pencil, Sam, bus driver, teacher, clean fork · Speech: someone speaks here
«apologise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: apologise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To say you are sorry for something you did wrong or for something that upset or hurt someone.
The tree, 18 words mark nsubj cop ccomp case obl nsubj acl:relcl xcomp cc case conj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obj punct root To PART say VERB you PRON are AUX sorry ADJ for ADP something PRON you PRON did VERB wrong ADJ or CCONJ for ADP something PRON that PRON upset ADJ or CCONJ hurt VERB someone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 sorry nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sorry cop 5 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 2 say ccomp 6 for for ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 sorry obl 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 did nsubj 9 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 something acl:relcl 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 9 did xcomp 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 something cc 12 for for ADP _ 13 something case 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 something conj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 upset nsubj 15 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 13 something acl:relcl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 hurt cc 17 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 upset conj 18 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 17 hurt obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present you for something; sorry property tree rules 3 do past you wrong property vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 hurt participle you not said here someone vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To say sorry politely for a small trouble, like being late or interrupting.
The tree, 13 words mark xcomp advmod case det amod obl punct mark cop parataxis cc conj punct root To PART say VERB sorry ADJ politely ADV for ADP a DET small ADJ trouble NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ being AUX late ADJ or CCONJ interrupting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 say mark 2 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 2 say xcomp 4 politely politely ADV _ 2 say advmod 5 for for ADP _ 8 trouble case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 trouble det 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 trouble amod 8 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 2 say obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 late punct 10 like like SCONJ _ 12 late mark 11 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 late cop 12 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 say parataxis 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 interrupting cc 14 interrupting interrupt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 late conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: apologize to-infinitive for a small trouble; politely, sorry property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is gerund late property tree rules 3 interrupt gerund tree rules
Example 1 I apologised to my sister for breaking her pencil.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON apologised VERB to ADP my PRON sister NOUN for SCONJ breaking VERB her PRON pencil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 apologised nsubj 2 apologised apologise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 sister case 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 sister nmod:poss 5 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 2 apologised obl 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 breaking mark 7 breaking break VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 apologised advcl 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 pencil nmod:poss 9 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 7 breaking obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 apologised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize past I to my sister tree rules 2 break gerund I not said here her pencil vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pencil=Patient
Example 2 You should apologise to Sam for pushing him.
nsubj aux case obl mark advcl obj punct root You PRON should AUX apologise VERB to ADP Sam PROPN for SCONJ pushing VERB him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 apologise nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 apologise aux 3 apologise apologise VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 Sam case 5 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 3 apologise obl 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 pushing mark 7 pushing push VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 apologise advcl 8 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 pushing obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 apologise punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize should You Sam tree rules 2 push gerund You not said here Sam vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
Example 3 The bus driver apologised for the delay.
det compound acl case det obl punct root The DET bus NOUN driver NOUN apologised VERB for ADP the DET delay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 driver det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 driver compound 3 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 apologised apologise VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 driver acl 5 for for ADP _ 7 delay case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 delay det 7 delay delay NOUN Number=Sing 4 apologised obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 driver punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize participle the bus driver not said here for the delay tree rules
Example 4 She apologised for interrupting the teacher.
nsubj mark advcl det obj punct root She PRON apologised VERB for SCONJ interrupting VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 apologised nsubj 2 apologised apologise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for SCONJ _ 4 interrupting mark 4 interrupting interrupt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 apologised advcl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 teacher det 6 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 4 interrupting obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 apologised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize past She tree rules 2 interrupt gerund She not said here the teacher tree rules
Example 5 He never apologises, even when he is wrong.
nsubj advmod punct advmod advmod nsubj cop conj punct root He PRON never ADV apologises VERB , PUNCT even ADV when ADV he PRON is AUX wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 apologises nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 apologises advmod 3 apologises apologise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 wrong punct 5 even even ADV _ 9 wrong advmod 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 wrong advmod 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 wrong nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 wrong cop 9 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 apologises conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 apologises punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not apologise speech: apologize present He tree rules 2 is present he wrong property tree rules
Example 6 "I apologise," said the waiter, and brought a clean fork.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj ccomp punct punct det obj punct cc conj det amod obj punct root " PUNCT I PRON apologise VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET waiter NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ brought VERB a DET clean ADJ fork NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 apologise punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 apologise nsubj 3 apologise apologise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 said ccomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 apologise punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 3 apologise punct 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 waiter det 8 waiter waiter NOUN Number=Sing 6 said obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 brought punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 brought cc 11 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 said conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 fork det 13 clean clean ADJ Degree=Pos 14 fork amod 14 fork fork NOUN Number=Sing 11 brought obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize in a quote present the waiter = waiter tree rules 2 say speech: assert past the waiter vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 bring past the waiter not said here a clean fork vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent fork=Theme
Example 7 A good apology says what you did and how you will fix it.
det amod nsubj obj nsubj ccomp cc advmod nsubj aux conj obj punct root A DET good ADJ apology NOUN says VERB what PRON you PRON did VERB and CCONJ how ADV you PRON will AUX fix VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 apology det 2 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 3 apology amod 3 apology apology NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 did obj 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 did nsubj 7 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 12 fix cc 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 12 fix advmod 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 fix nsubj 11 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 fix aux 12 fix fix VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 did conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 fix obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a good apology vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do past you vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality 3 fix future you apology vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 8 We apologised to our neighbour after the ball hit her window.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark det nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root We PRON apologised VERB to ADP our PRON neighbour NOUN after SCONJ the DET ball NOUN hit VERB her PRON window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 apologised nsubj 2 apologised apologise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 neighbour case 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 neighbour nmod:poss 5 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 2 apologised obl 6 after after SCONJ _ 9 hit mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ball det 8 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit nsubj 9 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 apologised advcl 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 window nmod:poss 11 window window NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 apologised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 apologise speech: apologize past We to our neighbour tree rules 2 hit past the ball her window vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme window=Co-Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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