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apology

Who acts: Words, you, message, apology, I, He · What happens: say, be, do, hurt, not come, interrupt · To what, where: you, someone, polite excuse, apology, letter, neighbour · Speech: someone speaks here

«apology» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: apology in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Words that say you are sorry for something you did wrong or for hurting someone.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sorry	nsubj
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Words	acl:relcl
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 say	obj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sorry	cop
6	sorry	sorry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 something	case
8	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 sorry	obl
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 did	nsubj
10	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 something	acl:relcl
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 did	xcomp
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 hurting	cc
13	for	for	SCONJ	_	14 hurting	mark
14	hurting	hurt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 wrong	conj
15	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	14 hurting	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sorry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Words	you					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent you=Topic
2	is	present	Words					for something; sorry property	tree rules
3	do	past	you					wrong property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	hurt	gerund	you not said here	someone					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A message saying someone cannot come.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 message	det
2	message	message	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 come	nsubj
3	saying	say	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 message	acl
4	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 saying	obj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 come	aux
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 come	advmod
7	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 come	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	gerund	a message not said here	someone					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent someone=Topic
2	not come	can	a message						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"apologies for absence".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 apologies	punct
2	apologies	apology	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 absence	case
4	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 apologies	nmod
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 apologies	punct
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 apologies	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

An apology can also be a polite excuse for a small trouble, such as interrupting someone.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 apology	det
2	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 excuse	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 excuse	aux
4	also	also	ADV	_	8 excuse	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 excuse	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 excuse	det
7	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 excuse	amod
8	excuse	excuse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 trouble	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 trouble	det
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 trouble	amod
12	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 excuse	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 interrupting	punct
14	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	16 interrupting	mark
15	as	as	ADP	_	14 such	fixed
16	interrupting	interrupt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 excuse	conj
17	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	16 interrupting	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 excuse	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	can	a apology	a polite excuse				for a small trouble	tree rules
2	interrupt	gerund	a apology not said here	someone					tree rules

Example 1

I owe you an apology for being rude.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 owe	nsubj
2	owe	owe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 owe	obj
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 apology	det
5	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 owe	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 rude	case
7	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 rude	cop
8	rude	rude	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 owe	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 owe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	owe	present	I	a apology	you				vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent you=Goal apology=Theme
2	is	gerund						rude property	tree rules

Example 2

He made an apology to his teacher.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 apology	det
4	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 teacher	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 teacher	nmod:poss
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	He	a apology				to his teacher	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apology=Product

Example 3

She accepted my apology and we played again.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 accepted	nsubj
2	accepted	accept	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 apology	nmod:poss
4	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accepted	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 played	cc
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 played	nsubj
7	played	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 accepted	conj
8	again	again	ADV	_	7 played	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 accepted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accept	past	She	my apology					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apology=Theme
2	play	past	we				again		vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 4

A real apology means you try not to do it again.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 apology	det
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 apology	amod
3	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 means	nsubj
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 try	nsubj
6	try	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 means	ccomp
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 do	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 do	mark
9	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 try	xcomp
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 do	obj
11	again	again	ADV	_	9 do	advmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	a real apology						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	try	present	you						vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	not do not said to happen	to-infinitive	you not said here	apology			again		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Example 5

Please write a letter of apology to the neighbour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Please	please	INTJ	_	2 write	discourse
2	write	write	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 letter	det
4	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 write	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 apology	case
6	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 letter	nmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 neighbour	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 neighbour	det
9	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 write	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 write	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	imperative	you not said here	a letter of apology	the neighbour				vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to neighbour=Recipient
2	letter			apology					nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient

Example 6

My apologies for being late.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 apologies	nmod:poss
2	apologies	apology	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	for	for	SCONJ	_	5 late	mark
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 late	cop
5	late	late	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 apologies	acl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 apologies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund	My apologies not said here					late property	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/apology/