apostrophe Who acts: apostrophe, letters, something, speaker, o, This · What happens: be, use, show, shorten, not do, mean · To what, where: punctuation mark, shortened word, apostrophe, coat, left, it · Speech: someone speaks here
«apostrophe» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: apostrophe in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An apostrophe is a punctuation mark (') used to show that letters are missing in a shortened word: «don't» means «do not».
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det compound punct punct punct acl:relcl mark advcl mark nsubj cop ccomp case det amod obl punct punct nsubj advmod punct parataxis punct ccomp advmod punct punct root An DET apostrophe NOUN is AUX a DET punctuation NOUN mark NOUN ( PUNCT ' PUNCT ) PUNCT used VERB to PART show VERB that SCONJ letters NOUN are AUX missing ADJ in ADP a DET shortened VERB word NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT do VERB n't PART » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT do VERB not PART » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 apostrophe det 2 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 mark det 5 punctuation punctuation NOUN Number=Sing 6 mark compound 6 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 10 used punct 8 ' ' PUNCT _ 7 ( punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 ( punct 10 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 mark acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 show mark 12 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 used advcl 13 that that SCONJ _ 16 missing mark 14 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 16 missing nsubj 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 missing cop 16 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 12 show ccomp 17 in in ADP _ 20 word case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 word det 19 shortened shorten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 word amod 20 word word NOUN Number=Sing 16 missing obl 21 : : PUNCT _ 23 do punct 22 « « PUNCT _ 23 do punct 23 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 26 means nsubj 24 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 23 do advmod 25 » » PUNCT _ 23 do punct 26 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 mark parataxis 27 « « PUNCT _ 28 do punct 28 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 means ccomp 29 not not PART Polarity=Neg 28 do advmod 30 » » PUNCT _ 28 do punct 31 . . PUNCT _ 6 mark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a apostrophe a punctuation mark tree rules 2 use participle a punctuation mark not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 show to-infinitive vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present letters a shortened word missing property tree rules 5 shorten participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 6 not do in a quote infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 7 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 not do in a quote infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An apostrophe also shows that something belongs to someone: «Sam's bag».
The tree, 12 words det nsubj advmod mark nsubj ccomp case obl punct punct nmod:poss case appos punct punct root An DET apostrophe NOUN also ADV shows VERB that SCONJ something PRON belongs VERB to ADP someone PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT Sam PROPN 's PART bag NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 apostrophe det 2 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN Number=Sing 4 shows nsubj 3 also also ADV _ 4 shows advmod 4 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 7 belongs mark 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 belongs nsubj 7 belongs belong VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shows ccomp 8 to to ADP _ 9 someone case 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 belongs obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 bag punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 bag punct 12 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 14 bag nmod:poss 13 's 's PART _ 12 Sam case 14 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 9 someone appos 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 bag punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a apostrophe vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 belong present something to someone vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: literature, formal — kept apart, not parsed.
An apostrophe is also when a speaker in a poem talks directly to someone absent or a thing, like «O Moon!».
The tree, 21 words det cop advmod mark det nsubj case det nmod acl:relcl advmod case obl amod cc det conj punct case punct compound appos punct punct punct root An DET apostrophe NOUN is AUX also ADV when SCONJ a DET speaker NOUN in ADP a DET poem NOUN talks VERB directly ADV to ADP someone PRON absent ADJ or CCONJ a DET thing NOUN , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT O PROPN Moon PROPN ! PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 apostrophe det 2 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 talks cop 4 also also ADV _ 11 talks advmod 5 when when SCONJ _ 11 talks mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 speaker det 7 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 11 talks nsubj 8 in in ADP _ 10 poem case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 poem det 10 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 7 speaker nmod 11 talks talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 apostrophe acl:relcl 12 directly directly ADV _ 11 talks advmod 13 to to ADP _ 14 someone case 14 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 talks obl 15 absent absent ADJ Degree=Pos 14 someone amod 16 or or CCONJ _ 18 thing cc 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 thing det 18 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 14 someone conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 23 Moon punct 20 like like ADP _ 23 Moon case 21 « « PUNCT _ 23 Moon punct 22 O O PROPN Number=Sing 23 Moon compound 23 Moon Moon PROPN Number=Sing 14 someone appos 24 ! ! PUNCT _ 23 Moon punct 25 » » PUNCT _ 23 Moon punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 2 apostrophe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a speaker in a poem to someone; directly, talk property tree rules
Example 1 «Don't» has an apostrophe where the «o» is missing.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj advmod punct det obj advmod det punct nsubj punct cop acl:relcl punct root « PUNCT Do VERB n't PART » PUNCT has VERB an DET apostrophe NOUN where ADV the DET « PUNCT o NOUN » PUNCT is AUX missing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Do punct 2 Do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 has nsubj 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 2 Do advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Do punct 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 apostrophe det 7 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN Number=Sing 5 has obj 8 where where ADV PronType=Rel 14 missing advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 o det 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 o punct 11 o o NOUN Number=Sing 14 missing nsubj 12 » » PUNCT _ 11 o punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 missing cop 14 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 7 apostrophe acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not do in a quote infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 have present a apostrophe vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apostrophe=Patient 3 is present the o missing property tree rules
Example 2 This is Mia's coat.
nsubj cop nmod:poss case punct root This PRON is AUX Mia PROPN 's PART coat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 coat nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 coat cop 3 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 5 coat nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 Mia case 5 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 coat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present This Mia's coat tree rules
Example 3 The girls' changing room is on the left.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj cop case det punct root The DET girls NOUN ' PART changing VERB room NOUN is AUX on ADP the DET left NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 girls det 2 girls girl NOUN Number=Plur 5 room nmod:poss 3 ' 's PART _ 2 girls case 4 changing change VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 room amod 5 room room NOUN Number=Sing 9 left nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 left cop 7 on on ADP _ 9 left case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 left det 9 left left NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 change gerund vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present the girls's changing room the left tree rules
Example 4 «It's» means «it is»; «its» means «belonging to it».
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj cop punct punct nsubj ccomp punct punct punct nsubj punct parataxis punct ccomp case obl punct punct root « PUNCT It PRON 's AUX » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT it PRON is VERB » PUNCT ; PUNCT « PUNCT its PRON » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT belonging VERB to ADP it PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 's punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 's nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means cop 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 's punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 is punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 is nsubj 8 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 is punct 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 means punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 its punct 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 means nsubj 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 its punct 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means parataxis 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 belonging punct 16 belonging belong VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 means ccomp 17 to to ADP _ 18 it case 18 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 belonging obl 19 » » PUNCT _ 16 belonging punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present mean property tree rules 2 be in a quote present it vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 mean present its = it vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 belong in a quote gerund it vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Do not use an apostrophe to make a plural: «bananas», not «banana's».
The tree, 13 words aux advmod det obj mark advcl det obj punct punct parataxis punct punct advmod punct conj case punct punct root Do AUX not PART use VERB an DET apostrophe NOUN to PART make VERB a DET plural NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT bananas NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT not PART « PUNCT banana NOUN 's PART » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 use aux 2 not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 use advmod 3 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 apostrophe det 5 apostrophe apostrophe NOUN Number=Sing 3 use obj 6 to to PART _ 7 make mark 7 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 use advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 plural det 9 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing 7 make obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 bananas punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 bananas punct 12 bananas banana NOUN Number=Plur 3 use parataxis 13 » » PUNCT _ 12 bananas punct 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 banana punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 banana advmod 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 banana punct 17 banana banana NOUN Number=Sing 12 bananas conj 18 's 's PART _ 17 banana case 19 » » PUNCT _ 12 bananas punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative · do-support you not said here a apostrophe vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent apostrophe=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 make to-infinitive you not said here a plural vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plural=Product
Example 6 «The children's paintings» uses «'s» because «children» is already plural.
The tree, 11 words punct det nmod:poss case nsubj punct punct obj punct mark punct nsubj punct cop advmod advcl punct root « PUNCT The DET children NOUN 's PART paintings NOUN » PUNCT uses VERB « PUNCT 's PART » PUNCT because SCONJ « PUNCT children NOUN » PUNCT is AUX already ADV plural ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 paintings punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 children det 3 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 paintings nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 children case 5 paintings painting NOUN Number=Plur 7 uses nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 paintings punct 7 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 's punct 9 's 's PART _ 7 uses obj 10 » » PUNCT _ 7 uses punct 11 because because SCONJ _ 17 plural mark 12 « « PUNCT _ 13 children punct 13 children child NOUN Number=Plur 17 plural nsubj 14 » » PUNCT _ 13 children punct 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 plural cop 16 already already ADV _ 17 plural advmod 17 plural plural ADJ Degree=Pos 7 uses advcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present the children's paintings vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 's=Patient 2 is present children plural property tree rules
Example 7 «Who's» means «who is».
punct nsubj cop punct punct nsubj ccomp punct punct root « PUNCT Who PRON 's AUX » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT who PRON is VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 's punct 2 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 's nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means cop 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 's punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 8 is punct 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 is nsubj 8 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 is punct 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present mean property tree rules 2 be in a quote present vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous apostlenext → apothecary↑ back to A in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/apostrophe/