app Who acts: app, Dave, He, She, I, weather app · What happens: be, have, delete, download, leave, use · To what, where: program, phone, 23 apps, 8 apps, 6 new apps, many more apps · Speech: someone speaks here
«app» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: app in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator. It is short for «application».
Sentence 1: An app is a program on a phone, tablet or computer, like a game, a map or a calculator.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod punct conj cc conj punct case det conj punct det parataxis cc det conj punct root An DET app NOUN is AUX a DET program NOUN on ADP a DET phone NOUN , PUNCT tablet NOUN or CCONJ computer NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET game NOUN , PUNCT a DET map NOUN or CCONJ a DET calculator NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 app det 2 app app NOUN Number=Sing 5 program nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 program cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 program det 5 program program NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 phone case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 phone det 8 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 5 program nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 tablet punct 10 tablet tablet NOUN Number=Sing 8 phone conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 computer cc 12 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 8 phone conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 game punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 game case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 game det 16 game game NOUN Number=Sing 5 program conj 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 map punct 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 map det 19 map map NOUN Number=Sing 5 program parataxis 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 calculator cc 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 calculator det 22 calculator calculator NOUN Number=Sing 19 map conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 program punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a app a program and a game a phone and tablet or computer tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: It is short for «application».
nsubj cop case punct obl punct punct root It PRON is AUX short ADJ for ADP « PUNCT application NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 short nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 short cop 3 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 application case 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 application punct 6 application application NOUN Number=Sing 3 short obl 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 application punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present app for application; short property tree rules
Example 1 Dave had 23 apps on his phone.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Dave PROPN had VERB 23 NUM apps NOUN on ADP his PRON phone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dave Dave PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 23 23 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apps nummod 4 apps app NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 phone case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 phone nmod:poss 7 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Dave 23 apps Dave's phone vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient
Example 2 He deleted 8 apps.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON deleted VERB 8 NUM apps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 deleted nsubj 2 deleted delete VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apps nummod 4 apps app NOUN Number=Plur 2 deleted obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 deleted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 delete past He 8 apps vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Theme
Example 3 She downloaded 6 new apps.
nsubj nummod amod obj punct root She PRON downloaded VERB 6 NUM new ADJ apps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 downloaded nsubj 2 downloaded download VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 apps nummod 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 5 apps amod 5 apps app NOUN Number=Plur 2 downloaded obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 downloaded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 download past She 6 new apps tree rules
Example 4 How many more apps than files did he have left?
advmod amod amod nsubj:pass case nmod aux nsubj aux punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ apps NOUN than ADP files NOUN did AUX he PRON have AUX left VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 apps amod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 apps amod 4 apps app NOUN Number=Plur 10 left nsubj:pass 5 than than ADP _ 6 files case 6 files file NOUN Number=Plur 4 apps nmod 7 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 left aux 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 left nsubj 9 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 left aux 10 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 10 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past · perfect · passive · do-support many more apps than files vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 I use a maths app to practise times tables.
nsubj det compound obj mark advcl compound obj punct root I PRON use VERB a DET maths NOUN app NOUN to PART practise VERB times NOUN tables NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 app det 4 maths maths NOUN Number=Sing 5 app compound 5 app app NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 6 to to PART _ 7 practise mark 7 practise practise VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 8 times time NOUN Number=Plur 9 tables compound 9 tables table NOUN Number=Plur 7 practise obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present I a maths app vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient 2 practise to-infinitive I not said here times tables tree rules
Example 6 The weather app says it will rain.
det compound nsubj nsubj aux ccomp punct root The DET weather NOUN app NOUN says VERB it PRON will AUX rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 app det 2 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 3 app compound 3 app app NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 rain nsubj 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 rain aux 7 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the weather app vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 rain future it tree rules
Example 7 Ask a parent before you download a new app.
det obj mark nsubj advcl det amod obj punct root Ask VERB a DET parent NOUN before SCONJ you PRON download VERB a DET new ADJ app NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 parent det 3 parent parent NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 4 before before SCONJ _ 6 download mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 download nsubj 6 download download VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Ask advcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 app det 8 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 9 app amod 9 app app NOUN Number=Sing 6 download obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here a parent vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient 2 download present you a new app tree rules
Example 8 Tap the app to open it.
compound det mark acl obj punct root Tap NOUN the DET app NOUN to PART open VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tap tap NOUN Number=Sing 3 app compound 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 app det 3 app app NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to PART _ 5 open mark 5 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 app acl 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 open obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 app punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open to-infinitive app vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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