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archaeology

Who acts: study, Archaeology, Vikings, Archaeologists, We, us · What happens: dig up, examine, leave behind, study, tell, live · To what, where: old things, people, human past, us, Roman coins, car park · Speech: someone speaks here

«archaeology» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: archaeology in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The study of the human past by digging up and examining old things people left behind, such as tools, bones, pots, coins and buildings.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 study	det
2	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 past	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 past	det
5	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 past	amod
6	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 study	nmod
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 digging	mark
8	digging	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 study	acl
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 digging	compound:prt
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 examining	cc
11	examining	examine	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 digging	conj
12	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 things	amod
13	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 examining	obj
14	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 things	appos
15	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 people	acl
16	behind	behind	ADV	_	15 left	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 tools	punct
18	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	20 tools	case
19	as	as	ADP	_	18 such	fixed
20	tools	tool	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 people	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 bones	punct
22	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 people	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 pots	punct
24	pots	pot	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 people	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 coins	punct
26	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 people	conj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 buildings	cc
28	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 people	conj
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 study	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig up	gerund	the study of the human past not said here						vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	examine	gerund	the study of the human past not said here	old things					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
3	leave behind	participle		people and tools and bones and pots and coins and buildings not said here				behind property	vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	study			the human past					nom study «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Archaeology tells us how Vikings lived.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tells	nsubj
2	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 tells	iobj
4	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	6 lived	advmod
5	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 lived	nsubj
6	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 tells	ccomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tells	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	Archaeology		us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic
2	live	past	Vikings						vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

Archaeologists found Roman coins under the car park.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 coins	amod
4	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	obj
5	under	under	ADP	_	8 park	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 park	det
7	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 park	compound
8	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 found	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past	Archaeologists	Roman coins		the car park			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Topic

Example 3

We did an archaeology dig in the school sandpit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dig	det
4	archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dig	compound
5	dig	dig	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 sandpit	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sandpit	det
8	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sandpit	compound
9	sandpit	sandpit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past	We	a archaeology dig		the school sandpit			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dig=Eventuality

Example 4

Archaeology helps us learn about people who never wrote anything down.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 helps	obj
4	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	xcomp
5	about	about	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 learn	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 wrote	nsubj
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 wrote	advmod
9	wrote	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 people	acl:relcl
10	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 wrote	obj
11	down	down	ADP	_	9 wrote	compound:prt
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Archaeology	us					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	learn	infinitive	us not said here					about people	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about people=Topic
3	not write down	past	people	anything					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme

Example 5

The deeper layers in an archaeology dig are usually older.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 layers	det
2	deeper	deep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 layers	amod
3	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 older	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 dig	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 dig	det
6	archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dig	compound
7	dig	dig	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 layers	nmod
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 older	cop
9	usually	usually	ADV	_	10 older	advmod
10	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 older	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the deeper layers in a archaeology dig					old, usually property	tree rules

Example 6

Dinosaur bones are studied by palaeontologists, not by archaeology.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bones	compound
2	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 studied	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 studied	aux:pass
4	studied	study	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 palaeontologists	case
6	palaeontologists	palaeontologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 studied	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 archaeology	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 archaeology	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 archaeology	case
10	archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 studied	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 studied	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	study	present · passive	palaeontologists	Dinosaur bones				by archaeology	vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Example 7

He has endeavoured in his illustrations to retain as much as possible of Celtic ornamentation; for all details of Celtic archaeology he has authority.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 endeavoured	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 endeavoured	aux
3	endeavoured	endeavour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 illustrations	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 illustrations	nmod:poss
6	illustrations	illustration	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 endeavoured	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 retain	mark
8	retain	retain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 endeavoured	advcl
9	as	as	ADV	_	10 much	advmod
10	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 retain	obj
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 possible	mark
12	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 much	advcl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 ornamentation	case
14	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 ornamentation	amod
15	ornamentation	ornamentation	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 possible	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 details	punct
17	for	for	ADP	_	19 details	case
18	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	19 details	det
19	details	detail	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 endeavoured	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 archaeology	case
21	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 archaeology	amod
22	archaeology	archaeology	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 details	nmod
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 has	nsubj
24	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 archaeology	acl:relcl
25	authority	authority	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 has	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 endeavoured	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	endeavour	present · perfect	He			his illustrations		for all details of Celtic archaeology	tree rules
2	retain	to-infinitive	He not said here	much					tree rules
3	have	present	he	authority					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent authority=Patient
4	illustrate		his = he						nom illustration «communication transitive»: poss=agent
5	detail			Celtic archaeology					nom detail «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/A/archaeology/