arid Who acts: Arid land, few plants, Something, Much, Cactuses, lecture · What happens: be, grow, suit, farm, water, crack · To what, where: camel, land, arid climates, arid soil, heat, more rain
«arid» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: arid in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Arid land or weather is very dry, with very little rain, so few plants can grow.
The tree, 16 words amod nsubj cc conj cop advmod punct case advmod amod obl punct advmod amod nsubj aux parataxis punct root Arid ADJ land NOUN or CCONJ weather NOUN is AUX very ADV dry ADJ , PUNCT with ADP very ADV little ADJ rain NOUN , PUNCT so ADV few ADJ plants NOUN can AUX grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 2 land amod 2 land land NOUN Number=Sing 7 dry nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 weather cc 4 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 2 land conj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dry cop 6 very very ADV _ 7 dry advmod 7 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 rain punct 9 with with ADP _ 12 rain case 10 very very ADV _ 11 little advmod 11 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 12 rain amod 12 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 7 dry obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 grow punct 14 so so ADV _ 18 grow advmod 15 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 16 plants amod 16 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 18 grow nsubj 17 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 18 grow aux 18 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 dry parataxis 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 dry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Arid land or weather with little rain; dry property tree rules 2 grow can few plants vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.
Something arid can be dull and boring, with no life or interest in it.
The tree, 14 words nsubj amod aux cop cc conj punct case det parataxis cc conj case nmod punct root Something PRON arid ADJ can AUX be AUX dull ADJ and CCONJ boring ADJ , PUNCT with ADP no DET life NOUN or CCONJ interest NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 dull nsubj 2 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Something amod 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 dull aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 dull cop 5 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 boring cc 7 boring boring ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dull conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 life punct 9 with with ADP _ 11 life case 10 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 life det 11 life life NOUN Number=Sing 5 dull parataxis 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 interest cc 13 interest interest NOUN Number=Sing 11 life conj 14 in in ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 interest nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 dull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Something dull property tree rules 2 be Something not said here tree rules
Example 1 The camel is well suited to arid deserts.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case amod obl punct root The DET camel NOUN is AUX well ADV suited VERB to ADP arid ADJ deserts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 camel det 2 camel camel NOUN Number=Sing 5 suited nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 suited aux:pass 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 5 suited advmod 5 suited suit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 deserts case 7 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 8 deserts amod 8 deserts desert NOUN Number=Plur 5 suited obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 suited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 suit present · passive the camel to arid deserts; well property tree rules
Example 2 Much of central Australia is hot and arid.
nsubj case amod nmod cop cc conj punct root Much ADJ of ADP central ADJ Australia PROPN is AUX hot ADJ and CCONJ arid ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Much much ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hot nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 Australia case 3 central central ADJ Degree=Pos 4 Australia amod 4 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 1 Much nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hot cop 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 arid cc 8 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hot conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 hot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Much of central Australia hot property tree rules 2 be Much of central Australia not said here tree rules
Example 3 Arid land is hard to farm without watering it.
amod nsubj cop mark xcomp mark advcl obj punct root Arid ADJ land NOUN is AUX hard ADJ to PART farm VERB without SCONJ watering VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 2 land amod 2 land land NOUN Number=Sing 4 hard nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hard cop 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 farm mark 6 farm farm VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 hard xcomp 7 without without SCONJ _ 8 watering mark 8 watering water VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 farm advcl 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 watering obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Arid land hard property tree rules 2 farm to-infinitive Arid land not said here vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 water gerund Arid land not said here land vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination
Example 4 Cactuses grow well in arid climates.
nsubj advmod case amod obl punct root Cactuses NOUN grow VERB well ADV in ADP arid ADJ climates NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cactuses cactuse NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 well well ADV Degree=Pos 2 grow advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 climates case 5 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 6 climates amod 6 climates climate NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Cactuses arid climates well property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in climate=Location
Example 5 The arid soil cracked in the heat.
det amod acl case det obl punct root The DET arid ADJ soil NOUN cracked VERB in ADP the DET heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 soil det 2 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 3 soil amod 3 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 cracked crack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 soil acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 heat case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 heat det 7 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 4 cracked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 soil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack participle the arid soil not said here the heat vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heat=Location
Example 6 The lecture was so arid that half the class fell asleep.
det nsubj cop advmod mark det:predet det nsubj advcl xcomp punct root The DET lecture NOUN was AUX so ADV arid ADJ that SCONJ half DET the DET class NOUN fell VERB asleep ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lecture det 2 lecture lecture NOUN Number=Sing 5 arid nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 arid cop 4 so so ADV _ 5 arid advmod 5 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 10 fell mark 7 half half DET NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind 9 class det:predet 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 class det 9 class class NOUN Number=Sing 10 fell nsubj 10 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 arid advcl 11 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 10 fell xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 arid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the lecture arid property tree rules 2 fall past half class asleep property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 A semi-arid area gets a little more rain than a desert.
det amod nsubj det obl:unmarked amod obj case det nmod punct root A DET semi-arid ADJ area NOUN gets VERB a DET little ADJ more ADJ rain NOUN than ADP a DET desert NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 area det 2 semi-arid semi-arid ADJ Degree=Pos 3 area amod 3 area area NOUN Number=Sing 4 gets nsubj 4 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 little det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 more obl:unmarked 7 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 rain amod 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 4 gets obj 9 than than ADP _ 11 desert case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 desert det 11 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 8 rain nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present a semi-arid area more rain than a desert vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rain=Stimulus
Example 8 From the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom, we seek the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo.
The tree, 20 words case det amod obl cc amod conj case nmod punct nsubj det amod obj cc amod conj case det nmod punct root From ADP the DET soft ADJ rain NOUN and CCONJ green ADJ turf NOUN of ADP Gaeldom PROPN , PUNCT we PRON seek VERB the DET garish ADJ sun NOUN and CCONJ arid ADJ soil NOUN of ADP the DET Hindoo PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 4 rain case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 rain det 3 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rain amod 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 12 seek obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 turf cc 6 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 7 turf amod 7 turf turf NOUN Number=Sing 4 rain conj 8 of of ADP _ 9 Gaeldom case 9 Gaeldom Gaeldom PROPN Number=Sing 7 turf nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 4 rain punct 11 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 seek nsubj 12 seek seek VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 sun det 14 garish garish ADJ Degree=Pos 15 sun amod 15 sun sun NOUN Number=Sing 12 seek obj 16 and and CCONJ _ 18 soil cc 17 arid arid ADJ Degree=Pos 18 soil amod 18 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 15 sun conj 19 of of ADP _ 21 Hindoo case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 Hindoo det 21 Hindoo Hindoo PROPN Number=Sing 18 soil nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 12 seek punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 seek present we the garish sun and arid soil of the Hindoo the soft rain and green turf of Gaeldom vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme 2 soil the Hindoo nom soil «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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