arrears Who acts: family, formal club, club, He, rent, 500 dollars · What happens: owe, pay, fall, be, pay off, say · To what, where: Money, payments, arrears, end, two months, Workers · Speech: someone speaks here
«arrears» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: arrears in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Money that is owed and should have been paid already: rent arrears.
nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux:pass cc aux aux aux:pass conj advmod punct compound obl punct root Money NOUN that PRON is AUX owed VERB and CCONJ should AUX have AUX been AUX paid VERB already ADV : PUNCT rent NOUN arrears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Money money NOUN Number=Sing 4 owed nsubj:pass 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 owed nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 owed aux:pass 4 owed owe VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 9 paid cc 6 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 paid aux 7 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 paid aux 8 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 9 paid aux:pass 9 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 owed conj 10 already already ADV _ 9 paid advmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 arrears punct 12 rent rent NOUN Number=Sing 13 arrears compound 13 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 4 owed obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 owed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe present · passive Money rent arrears obl vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme 2 pay should · perfect · passive vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In arrears: late with payments that are owed.
case obl punct advmod case nsubj:pass nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root In ADP arrears NOUN : PUNCT late ADV with ADP payments NOUN that PRON are AUX owed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 arrears case 2 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 9 owed obl 3 : : PUNCT _ 6 payments punct 4 late late ADV Degree=Pos 6 payments advmod 5 with with ADP _ 6 payments case 6 payments payment NOUN Number=Plur 9 owed nsubj:pass 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 owed nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 owed aux:pass 9 owed owe VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 owed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 owe present · passive payments arrears vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme
Meaning 3 Paid in arrears: paid at the end of a period of work, not at the start.
The tree, 16 words case obl punct acl case det obl case det nmod case nmod punct advmod case det conj punct root Paid VERB in ADP arrears NOUN : PUNCT paid VERB at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET period NOUN of ADP work NOUN , PUNCT not PART at ADP the DET start NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 in in ADP _ 3 arrears case 3 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 1 Paid obl 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 paid punct 5 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 arrears acl 6 at at ADP _ 8 end case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 end det 8 end end NOUN Number=Sing 5 paid obl 9 of of ADP _ 11 period case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 period det 11 period period NOUN Number=Sing 8 end nmod 12 of of ADP _ 13 work case 13 work work NOUN Number=Sing 11 period nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 start punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 start advmod 16 at at ADP _ 18 start case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 start det 18 start start NOUN Number=Sing 13 work conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 1 Paid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay participle arrears vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 pay participle arrears not said here at the end of a period of work and the start vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The family fell into arrears with the rent.
det nsubj case obl case det obl punct root The DET family NOUN fell VERB into ADP arrears NOUN with ADP the DET rent NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 family det 2 family family NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell nsubj 3 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 5 arrears case 5 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 3 fell obl 6 with with ADP _ 8 rent case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 rent det 8 rent rent NOUN Number=Sing 3 fell obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the family into arrears result ; with the rent vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into arrear=Result
Example 2 (formal) The club is two months in arrears with its payments.
punct amod punct det nsubj cop nummod case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT The DET club NOUN is AUX two NUM months NOUN in ADP arrears NOUN with ADP its PRON payments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 2 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 club amod 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 formal punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 club det 5 club club NOUN Number=Sing 8 months nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 months cop 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 months nummod 8 months month NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 in in ADP _ 10 arrears case 10 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 8 months nmod 11 with with ADP _ 13 payments case 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 payments nmod:poss 13 payments payment NOUN Number=Plur 10 arrears nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 months punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the formal club two months arrears with club's payments tree rules 2 pay club nom payment «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 He paid off all his arrears by the summer.
nsubj compound:prt det:predet nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON paid VERB off ADP all DET his PRON arrears NOUN by ADP the DET summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 paid nsubj 2 paid pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 2 paid compound:prt 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 arrears det:predet 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 arrears nmod:poss 6 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 2 paid obj 7 by by ADP _ 9 summer case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 summer det 9 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 2 paid obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 paid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay off past He his arrears summer vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrear=Asset
Example 4 Workers are paid monthly in arrears, at the end of each month.
nsubj:pass aux:pass xcomp case obl punct case det parataxis case det nmod punct root Workers NOUN are AUX paid VERB monthly ADJ in ADP arrears NOUN , PUNCT at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP each DET month NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 3 paid nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 paid aux:pass 3 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 monthly monthly ADJ Degree=Pos 3 paid xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 6 arrears case 6 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 3 paid obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 end punct 8 at at ADP _ 10 end case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 end det 10 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 paid parataxis 11 of of ADP _ 13 month case 12 each each DET PronType=Tot 13 month det 13 month month NOUN Number=Sing 10 end nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 paid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay present · passive Workers arrears monthly property vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
Example 5 If the rent is 500 dollars a month and two months are unpaid, the arrears are 1,000 dollars.
The tree, 18 words mark det nsubj cop nummod nsubj det nmod:unmarked cc nummod conj cop punct det nsubj cop nummod conj punct root If SCONJ the DET rent NOUN is AUX 500 NUM dollars NOUN a DET month NOUN and CCONJ two NUM months NOUN are AUX unpaid ADJ , PUNCT the DET arrears NOUN are AUX 1,000 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 6 dollars mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 rent det 3 rent rent NOUN Number=Sing 6 dollars nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dollars cop 5 500 500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 13 unpaid nsubj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 month det 8 month month NOUN Number=Sing 6 dollars nmod:unmarked 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 months cc 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 months nummod 11 months month NOUN Number=Plur 6 dollars conj 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 unpaid cop 13 unpaid unpaid ADJ Degree=Pos root root 14 , , PUNCT _ 19 dollars punct 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 arrears det 16 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 19 dollars nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 dollars cop 18 1,000 1000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 19 dollars nummod 19 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 13 unpaid conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 13 unpaid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a a condition, not said to happen present the rent 500 dollars and two months month tree rules 2 is present 500 dollars and two months unpaid property tree rules 3 is a present the arrears 1,000 dollars tree rules
Example 6 The letter said the electricity bill was in arrears.
det nsubj det compound obj cop case appos punct root The DET letter NOUN said VERB the DET electricity NOUN bill NOUN was AUX in ADP arrears NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 letter det 2 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bill det 5 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 6 bill compound 6 bill bill NOUN Number=Sing 3 said obj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 arrears cop 8 in in ADP _ 9 arrears case 9 arrears arrear NOUN Number=Plur 6 bill appos 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the letter the electricity bill vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bill=Topic 2 is past arrears tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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