ash Who acts: Ashes, Volcanic ash, ash, you, volcano, We · What happens: leave, burn, mean, be, throw out, pour · To what, where: grey powder, body, funeral, fine rock dust, kind, ash · Speech: someone speaks here
«ash» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ash in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The grey powder left after something has burned.
det amod nsubj:pass acl case obl aux punct root The DET grey ADJ powder NOUN left VERB after ADP something PRON has AUX burned VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 powder det 2 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 3 powder amod 3 powder powder NOUN Number=Sing 8 burned nsubj:pass 4 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 powder acl 5 after after ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 left obl 7 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 burned aux 8 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 burned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave participle the grey powder not said here after something vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 burn present · perfect · passive the grey powder vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Ashes can also mean what is left of a person's body after it is burned at a funeral.
The tree, 19 words nsubj aux advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp case det nmod:poss case obl mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case det obl punct root Ashes NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB what PRON is AUX left VERB of ADP a DET person NOUN 's PART body NOUN after SCONJ it PRON is AUX burned VERB at ADP a DET funeral NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ashes ash NOUN Number=Plur 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 what what PRON PronType=Int 7 left nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 left aux:pass 7 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 mean ccomp 8 of of ADP _ 12 body case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 person det 10 person person NOUN Number=Sing 12 body nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 person case 12 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 left obl 13 after after SCONJ _ 16 burned mark 14 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 burned nsubj:pass 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 burned aux:pass 16 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 left advcl 17 at at ADP _ 19 funeral case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 funeral det 19 funeral funeral NOUN Number=Sing 16 burned obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Ashes vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 leave present · passive of a person's body vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of body=Destination 3 burn present · passive body a funeral vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
Meaning 3 Volcanic ash is fine rock dust thrown out by a volcano.
amod nsubj cop amod compound acl compound:prt case det obl punct root Volcanic ADJ ash NOUN is AUX fine ADJ rock NOUN dust NOUN thrown VERB out ADP by ADP a DET volcano NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Volcanic volcanic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 ash amod 2 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 6 dust nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 dust cop 4 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 6 dust amod 5 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 6 dust compound 6 dust dust NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 dust acl 8 out out ADP _ 7 thrown compound:prt 9 by by ADP _ 11 volcano case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 volcano det 11 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 7 thrown obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 dust punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Volcanic ash fine rock dust tree rules 2 throw out participle fine rock dust not said here by a volcano vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by volcano=Destination
Meaning 4 An ash is a kind of tree with grey bark.
det nsubj cop det case nmod case amod nmod punct root An DET ash NOUN is AUX a DET kind NOUN of ADP tree NOUN with ADP grey ADJ bark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ash det 2 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 kind cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kind det 5 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 tree case 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 8 with with ADP _ 10 bark case 9 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 10 bark amod 10 bark bark NOUN Number=Sing 5 kind nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 kind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ash a kind of tree; with grey bark tree rules
Example 1 Only ash was left after the campfire.
advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Only ADV ash NOUN was AUX left VERB after ADP the DET campfire NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 ash advmod 2 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 4 left nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 left aux:pass 4 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 campfire case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 campfire det 7 campfire campfire NOUN Number=Sing 4 left obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past · passive ash after the campfire vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 Pour water on the ashes before you leave.
obj case det obl mark nsubj advcl punct root Pour VERB water NOUN on ADP the DET ashes NOUN before SCONJ you PRON leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pour pour VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pour obj 3 on on ADP _ 5 ashes case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ashes det 5 ashes ash NOUN Number=Plur 1 Pour obl 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 leave mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 leave nsubj 8 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Pour advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pour punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pour imperative you not said here water the ashes vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient 2 leave present you vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The volcano covered the town in ash.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET volcano NOUN covered VERB the DET town NOUN in ADP ash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 volcano det 2 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 3 covered nsubj 3 covered cover VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 covered obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 ash case 7 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 3 covered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover past the volcano the town in ash vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent town=Destination in ash=Theme
Example 4 We planted an ash tree in the park.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON planted VERB an DET ash NOUN tree NOUN in ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 planted nsubj 2 planted plant VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tree det 4 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 5 tree compound 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 planted obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 park case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 park det 8 park park NOUN Number=Sing 2 planted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 planted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plant past We a ash tree the park vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tree=Theme in park=Destination
Example 5 Burning paper is an irreversible change: you can't get the paper back from the ash.
The tree, 16 words csubj obj cop det amod punct nsubj aux advmod conj det obj advmod case det obl punct root Burning VERB paper NOUN is AUX an DET irreversible ADJ change NOUN : PUNCT you PRON ca AUX n't PART get VERB the DET paper NOUN back ADV from ADP the DET ash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 change csubj 2 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 1 Burning obj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 change cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 change det 5 irreversible irreversible ADJ Degree=Pos 6 change amod 6 change change NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 get punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 get nsubj 9 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 get aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 get advmod 11 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 change conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 paper det 13 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obj 14 back back ADV _ 11 get advmod 15 from from ADP _ 17 ash case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 ash det 17 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 11 get obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 change punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn gerund paper vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent paper=Theme 2 is a present Burning a irreversible change tree rules 3 not get back can you the paper the ash vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent paper=Theme from ash=Source
Example 6 Grandad's ashes were scattered at sea.
nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Grandad PROPN 's PART ashes NOUN were AUX scattered VERB at ADP sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 3 ashes nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandad case 3 ashes ash NOUN Number=Plur 5 scattered nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 scattered aux:pass 5 scattered scatter VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 at at ADP _ 7 sea case 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 scattered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 scattered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 scatter past · passive Grandad's ashes sea vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: subject=Theme at sea=Destination
Example 7 Soon he reached the heap of cold ashes.
advmod nsubj det obj case amod nmod punct root Soon ADV he PRON reached VERB the DET heap NOUN of ADP cold ADJ ashes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 3 reached advmod 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 reached nsubj 3 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 heap det 5 heap heap NOUN Number=Sing 3 reached obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 ashes case 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ashes amod 8 ashes ash NOUN Number=Plur 5 heap nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 reached punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 reach past he the heap of cold ashes soon property vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent heap=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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