aspect Who acts: you, way, I, Safety, We, house · What happens: think about, look, seem, point, show, finish · To what, where: idea, certain point, view, action, versus, important aspect · Speech: someone speaks here
«aspect» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: aspect in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 One part or side of a situation, problem or idea that you can think about.
The tree, 15 words nummod cc conj case det nmod punct conj cc conj mark nsubj aux acl advmod punct root One NUM part NOUN or CCONJ side NOUN of ADP a DET situation NOUN , PUNCT problem NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN that SCONJ you PRON can AUX think VERB about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 part nummod 2 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 side cc 4 side side NOUN Number=Sing 2 part conj 5 of of ADP _ 7 situation case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 situation det 7 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing 4 side nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 problem punct 9 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 part conj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 idea cc 11 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 2 part conj 12 that that SCONJ _ 15 think mark 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 think nsubj 14 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 think aux 15 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 idea acl 16 about about ADV _ 15 think advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think about speech: other can you idea not said here about property vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot idea=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The way something looks or seems from a certain point of view.
det nsubj nsubj cc conj case det amod obl case nmod punct root The DET way NOUN something PRON looks VERB or CCONJ seems VERB from ADP a DET certain ADJ point NOUN of ADP view NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 way det 2 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 looks nsubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 looks nsubj 4 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 seems cc 6 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 looks conj 7 from from ADP _ 10 point case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 point det 9 certain certain ADJ Degree=Pos 10 point amod 10 point point NOUN Number=Sing 6 seems obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 view case 12 view view NOUN Number=Sing 10 point nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 looks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present the way vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 seem present the way not said here a certain point of view vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 3 point view nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 The direction a building, room or garden faces, such as a south aspect.
The tree, 13 words det det appos punct conj cc compound conj punct case fixed det amod conj punct root The DET direction NOUN a DET building NOUN , PUNCT room NOUN or CCONJ garden NOUN faces NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET south ADJ aspect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 direction det 2 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 building det 4 building building NOUN Number=Sing 2 direction appos 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 room punct 6 room room NOUN Number=Sing 4 building conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 faces cc 8 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 9 faces compound 9 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 4 building conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 aspect punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 15 aspect case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 aspect det 14 south South ADJ Degree=Pos 15 aspect amod 15 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 4 building conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 direction punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 4 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
A way a verb shows whether an action is finished, ongoing or repeated, as in "I am reading" versus "I read".
The tree, 21 words det nsubj det nsubj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct parataxis cc conj punct mark fixed punct nsubj aux advcl punct obj punct nsubj acl:relcl punct punct root A DET way NOUN a DET verb NOUN shows VERB whether SCONJ an DET action NOUN is AUX finished VERB , PUNCT ongoing ADJ or CCONJ repeated VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP " PUNCT I PRON am AUX reading VERB " PUNCT versus NOUN " PUNCT I PRON read VERB " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 way det 2 way way NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 verb det 4 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows nsubj 5 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 whether whether SCONJ _ 10 finished mark 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 action det 8 action action NOUN Number=Sing 10 finished nsubj:pass 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 finished aux:pass 10 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 shows ccomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 ongoing punct 12 ongoing ongoing ADJ Degree=Pos 10 finished parataxis 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 repeated cc 14 repeated repeat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 ongoing conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 21 reading punct 16 as as SCONJ _ 21 reading mark 17 in in ADP _ 16 as fixed 18 " " PUNCT _ 21 reading punct 19 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 21 reading nsubj 20 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 reading aux 21 reading read VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 repeated advcl 22 " " PUNCT _ 23 versus punct 23 versus versus NOUN Number=Sing 21 reading obj 24 " " PUNCT _ 23 versus punct 25 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 26 read nsubj 26 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 23 versus acl:relcl 27 " " PUNCT _ 23 versus punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a way vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 finish present · passive a action vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality 3 repeat participle vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 read in a quote present · progressive I versus vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent versus=Topic 5 read in a quote past I versus not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent versus=Topic
Example 1 Safety is the most important aspect of the trip.
nsubj cop det advmod amod case det nmod punct root Safety NOUN is AUX the DET most ADV important ADJ aspect NOUN of ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 6 aspect nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 aspect cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 aspect det 4 most most ADV Degree=Sup 5 important advmod 5 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 6 aspect amod 6 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 trip case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 trip det 9 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 6 aspect nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 aspect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Safety the important aspect of the trip tree rules
Example 2 We looked at every aspect of the problem before deciding.
nsubj case det obl case det nmod mark advcl punct root We PRON looked VERB at ADP every DET aspect NOUN of ADP the DET problem NOUN before SCONJ deciding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 5 aspect case 4 every every DET PronType=Tot 5 aspect det 5 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 problem case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 problem det 8 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 5 aspect nmod 9 before before SCONJ _ 10 deciding mark 10 deciding decide VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 looked advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past We at every aspect of the problem vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at aspect=Theme 2 decide gerund We not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The house has a sunny southern aspect, so the garden is warm.
det nsubj det amod amod obj punct advmod det nsubj cop conj punct root The DET house NOUN has VERB a DET sunny ADJ southern ADJ aspect NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET garden NOUN is AUX warm ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 house det 2 house house NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 aspect det 5 sunny sunny ADJ Degree=Pos 7 aspect amod 6 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 7 aspect amod 7 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 13 warm punct 9 so so ADV _ 13 warm advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 garden det 11 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 13 warm nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 warm cop 13 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 3 has conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the house a sunny southern aspect vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aspect=Patient 2 is present the garden warm property tree rules
Example 4 One aspect of being a good friend is listening.
nummod nsubj case cop det amod nmod aux punct root One NUM aspect NOUN of ADP being AUX a DET good ADJ friend NOUN is AUX listening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 aspect nummod 2 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 9 listening nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 7 friend case 4 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 friend cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 friend det 6 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 7 friend amod 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 aspect nmod 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 listening aux 9 listening listen VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 listening punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is gerund of a good friend tree rules 2 listen present · progressive One aspect vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Money was only one aspect of the argument.
nsubj cop advmod nummod case det nmod punct root Money NOUN was AUX only ADV one NUM aspect NOUN of ADP the DET argument NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 aspect nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 aspect cop 3 only only ADV _ 5 aspect advmod 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 aspect nummod 5 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 argument case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 argument det 8 argument argument NOUN Number=Sing 5 aspect nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 aspect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Money one aspect of the argument tree rules
Example 6 The teacher asked us to write about a different aspect of life in Roman Britain.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj iobj mark xcomp case det amod obl case nmod case compound obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN asked VERB us PRON to PART write VERB about ADP a DET different ADJ aspect NOUN of ADP life NOUN in ADP Roman PROPN Britain PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 asked nsubj 3 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 asked iobj 5 to to PART _ 6 write mark 6 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asked xcomp 7 about about ADP _ 10 aspect case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 aspect det 9 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 10 aspect amod 10 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 6 write obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 life case 12 life life NOUN Number=Sing 10 aspect nmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 Britain case 14 Roman Roman PROPN Number=Sing 15 Britain compound 15 Britain Britain PROPN Number=Sing 6 write obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask past the teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 write not said to happen to-infinitive the teacher not said here Roman Britain about a different aspect of life vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about aspect=Topic
Example 7 Plants on the north aspect of the hill grow more slowly.
nsubj case det amod nmod case det nmod advmod advmod punct root Plants NOUN on ADP the DET north ADJ aspect NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN grow VERB more ADV slowly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 9 grow nsubj 2 on on ADP _ 5 aspect case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 aspect det 4 north north ADJ Degree=Pos 5 aspect amod 5 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 1 Plants nmod 6 of of ADP _ 8 hill case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 aspect nmod 9 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 11 slowly advmod 11 slowly slowly ADV _ 9 grow advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Plants on the north aspect of the hill slowly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 "I was running" shows the continuous aspect of the verb.
punct nsubj aux advcl punct det amod obj case det nmod punct root " PUNCT I PRON was AUX running VERB " PUNCT shows VERB the DET continuous ADJ aspect NOUN of ADP the DET verb NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 running nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 running aux 4 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 shows advcl 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 running punct 6 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 aspect det 8 continuous continuous ADJ Degree=Pos 9 aspect amod 9 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 6 shows obj 10 of of ADP _ 12 verb case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 verb det 12 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 9 aspect nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote past · progressive I vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 show present the continuous aspect of the verb vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent aspect=Recipient
Example 9 A desert lay spread out before him, whose aspect made his hair stand on end.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt case obl punct nmod:poss nsubj parataxis nmod:poss compound obj case obl punct root A DET desert NOUN lay VERB spread VERB out ADP before ADP him PRON , PUNCT whose PRON aspect NOUN made VERB his PRON hair NOUN stand NOUN on ADP end NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 desert det 2 desert desert NOUN Number=Sing 4 spread nsubj:pass 3 lay lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spread aux:pass 4 spread spread VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 spread compound:prt 6 before before ADP _ 7 him case 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 spread obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 made punct 9 whose whose PRON Poss=Yes PronType=Rel 10 aspect nmod:poss 10 aspect aspect NOUN Number=Sing 11 made nsubj 11 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 spread parataxis 12 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 stand nmod:poss 13 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 14 stand compound 14 stand stand NOUN Number=Sing 11 made obj 15 on on ADP _ 16 end case 16 end end NOUN Number=Sing 11 made obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread out present · passive a desert before him = he vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before he=Destination 2 make past aspect aspect's hair stand on end vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stand=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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